Penispidins A–C (1–3), new
aromatic sesquiterpenoids with
two classes of rare carbon skeletons, were isolated from the endophytic
fungus Penicillium virgatum HL-110. 1 represents the first example of a dunniane-type aromatic sesquiterpenoid,
possessing a novel 4/6/6 tricyclic system, while (±)-2 and 3 have a 7,12-cyclized bisabolene skeleton, featuring
a 3,4-benzo-fused 2-oxabicyclo[3.3.1]nonane central framework. Their
structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic methods,
single-crystal X-ray diffraction, and ECD calculations. 1 inhibited hepatic lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells.