Catalytic hydrothermal processing of lipids using metal doped zeolites

Robin, Thomas François; Jones, Jenny M.; Ross, Andrew B.

doi:10.1016/j.biombioe.2017.01.012

Cited by 23 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…To account for feedstock dependence, Table 4 provides data on food waste (the current study), vegetable oil, sawdust, and several algae types. Compared to other feeds, vegetable oil has a high energy recovery and mass yield due to the relative ease of converting straight chain lipids into bio-oil compared to carbohydrate-rich steams, such as food waste or biomass [32]. In contrast, lignocellulosic feedstocks, such as sawdust (Table 4), are more recalcitrant than simple oils and therefore result in lower energy recovery [33].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste Using CeZrOx

et al. 2018

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Approximately 15 million dry tons of food waste is produced annually in the United States (USA), and 92% of this waste is disposed of in landfills where it decomposes to produce greenhouse gases and water pollution. Hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) is an attractive technology capable of converting a broad range of organic compounds, especially those with substantial water content, into energy products. The HTL process produces a bio-oil precursor that can be further upgraded to transportation fuels and an aqueous phase containing water-soluble organic impurities. Converting small oxygenated compounds that partition into the water phase into larger, hydrophobic compounds can reduce aqueous phase remediation costs and improve energy yields. HTL was investigated at 300 • C and a reaction time of 1 h for conversion of an institutional food waste to bio-oil, using either homogeneous Na 2 CO 3 or heterogeneous CeZrO x to promote in situ conversion of water-soluble organic compounds into less oxygenated, oil-soluble products. Results with food waste indicate that CeZrO x improves both bio-oil higher heating value (HHV) and energy recovery when compared both to non-catalytic and Na 2 CO 3-catalyzed HTL. The aqueous phase obtained using CeZrO x as an HTL catalyst contained approximately half the total organic carbon compared to that obtained using Na 2 CO 3-suggesting reduced water treatment costs using the heterogeneous catalyst. Experiments with model compounds indicated that the primary mechanism of action was condensation of aldehydes, a reaction which simultaneously increases molecular weight and oxygen-to-carbon ratio-consistent with the improvements in bio-oil yield and HHV observed with institutional food waste. The catalyst was stable under hydrothermal conditions (≥16 h at 300 • C) and could be reused at least three times for conversion of model aldehydes to water insoluble products. Energy and economic analysis suggested favorable performance for the heterogeneous catalyst compared either to non-catalytic HTL or Na 2 CO 3-catalyzed HTL, especially once catalyst lifetime differences were considered. The results of this study establish the potential of heterogeneous catalysts to improve HTL economics and energetics.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste Using CeZrOx

et al. 2018

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“…Biocrude samples were heated from room temperature (25 °C) to 800 °C with a constant heated rate of 10 °C/min and a gas flow rate of 100 mL/min. The boiling range of the biocrude was based on literature ( Robin et al, 2017 ). The elemental compositions of C, H, N, and S in the biocrude samples were analyzed with a CE-400 elemental analyzer (EAI, USA).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge over transition metal catalysts in ethanol-water co-solvent

Wang

Meng

et al. 2018

Bioresource Technology

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“…In addition, new diverse materials (i.e., zeolites, carbon nanotubes, nanoparticles, etc.) have being tested recently to favour the loss of these heteroatoms in the biocrude [25,26]. In previous works, the content of N and O in the biocrude was reduced using heterogeneous catalysts such as Pd, Pt or Ru supported on C, Co, Mo, Ni, Pt, Ni/SiO 2 supported on Al 2 O 3 and zeolites [27] and also metals supported in carbon nanotubes [25].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

et al. 2019

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The yield and composition of the biocrude obtained by hydrothermal liquefaction (HTL) of Nannocloropsis gaditana using heterogeneous catalysts were evaluated. The catalysts were based on metal oxides (CaO, CeO 2 , La 2 O 3 , MnO 2 , and Al 2 O 3 ). The reactions were performed in a batch autoclave reactor at 320 • C for 10 min with a 1:10 (wt/wt) microalga:water ratio. These catalysts increased the yield of the liquefaction phase (from 94.14 ± 0.30 wt% for La 2 O 3 to 99.49 ± 0.11 wt% for MnO 2 ) as compared with the thermal reaction (92.60 ± 1.20 wt%). Consequently, the biocrude yields also raised in the metal oxides catalysed HTL, showing values remarkably higher for the CaO (49.73 ± 0.9 wt%) in comparison to the HTL without catalyst (42.60 ± 0.70 wt%). The N and O content of the biocrude obtained from non-catalytic HTL were 6.11 ± 0.02 wt% and 10.50 ± 0.50 wt%, respectively. In this sense, the use of the metal oxides decreased the N content of the biocrude (4.62 ± 0.15-5.45 ± 0.11 wt%), although, they kept constant or increased its O content (11.39 ± 2.06-21.68 ± 0.03 wt%). This study shows that CaO, CeO 2 and Al 2 O 3 can be promising catalysts based on the remarkable amount of biocrude, the highest values of C, H, heating value, energy recovery, and the lowest content of N, O and S.

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Catalytic hydrothermal processing of lipids using metal doped zeolites

Cited by 23 publications

References 37 publications

Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste Using CeZrOx

Catalytic Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Food Waste Using CeZrOx

Catalytic liquefaction of municipal sewage sludge over transition metal catalysts in ethanol-water co-solvent

Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Microalga Using Metal Oxide Catalyst

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