Catalytic Isomerization of Vegetable Oils: Nickel Catalysts

Abstract

Catalysts have been found which are effective in the isomerization of vegetable oils to conjugated forms. These catalysts include active surface materials such as diatomaceous earth and carbon black, nickel on kieselguhr, and nickel on carbon black. Since these catalysts are neutral, they do not split ester linkages, and no further chemical treatment of the isomerized oil is required. The nickel-on-carbon catalyst is the most effective, particularly when it is prepared by reduction of a suitable nickel salt on Nuchar XXX or Nuchar C-190. When 6 to 8% of reduced catalyst is heated for 6 hours at 170°C. with alkalirefined soybean or linseed oil, 30 to 34% conjugation is obtained. A sample of catalyst may be used to isomerize five to ten hatches of oil before its activity is lost. The treated oils dry in substantially less time than the untreated, and the water and alkali resistances of their films are appreciably improved. A process is proposed for conjugating vegetable oils by the nickel-on-carbon catalyst.

Twenty years of research in oils at Northern Regional Research Laboratory

“…Some of our work on conjugated oils and aftertack is summarized in Figure 3. Our studies led to a nickel-on-carbon catMyst that was very effective in giving comparatively large amounts of conjugated fatty products (13). Thus I could be readily converted in 50-70% yields of conjugation, based on starting diene.…”

Waterborne Coatings Based on Renewable Oil Resources: an Overview

“…The nickel-carbon catalyst is the A sample of catalyst can be used to isomerize 5-10 batches of oil before its activity is lost. The treated oils dry in substantially less time than the untreated oils, and the water and alkali resistances of their films are appreciably improved [23]. The addition of phenol to fatty acid in the presence of sulfur dioxide and sulfuric acid produces a viscous product.…”

Paint and Varnish Manufacture

“…Among these are polymerization and isomerization of oils, est,erification, and distillation of drying components. This is generally an alkaline isomerization of fatty acids or a direct conjugation of oils by catalvsts such as the nickel-cobalt catalyst developed by the Korthern Regional Research Laboratory (16). St,rictly speaking, the paint chemist uses the term, body, t,o refer to consistency or viscosity, although such usage appears to be gradually dying out.…”