“…It is well-known that many OCGs, such as the –COOH, –OH, carbonyl (–C=O), and epoxide (C–O–C) groups, are widely distributed on the surfaces of all kinds of carbon materials [ 12 , 13 , 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ]. These materials have been utilized as supports or metal-free catalysts in many reactions, such as hydrogenation and CO 2 reduction reactions [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”