Catalytic pyrolysis of rice husk for bio-oil production

Bakar, Muhammad Saifullah Abu; Titiloye, James O.

doi:10.1016/j.jaap.2012.09.005

Cited by 237 publications

(130 citation statements)

References 43 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

104

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Acidity (pH) of the oil was between 2.92 and 3.20. This is an indication that the oil may contain substantial amount of organic acids [24] [25]. Water content of the oil varied from 39.28 -43.0 wt% which was mainly due to product of dehydration during pyrolysis reaction [26].…”

Section: Pyrolysis Products Distribution and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Residues in a Fixed Bed Tubular Reactor

Ehsan¹,

Abdalla$Energy²,

Birmingham³

et al. 2015

JPEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Searching for alternative energy sources continues to grow in recent times due to the fear of energy insecurity in the near future and environmental and sociopolitical issues associated with the use of fossil fuel. Among the renewable energy sources, biomass is the only source that has carbon in its building blocks which can be processed to liquid fuel. In this study, pyrolysis of oil palm residues (trunk, frond and empty fruit bunch) was carried out in a fixed bed tubular reactor under nitrogen atmosphere at 30 mL/min, 30˚C/min heating rate and 600˚C reaction temperature. Pyrolysis products (bio-oil, bio-char and non-condensable gas) were characterized. Water content, acidity (pH), higher heating value (HHV) and oxygen content of the bio-oil varied between 39.28 -43 wt%, 2.92 -3.20, 19.29 -21.92 MJ/kg and 58.47 -59.85 wt% respectively. Low pH, highwater and oxygen contents in the oil make it unsuitable for being used as fuel and therefore require upgrading. Scanning electron microscopy and ultimate analysis of the bio-char suggests that it is a porous material and consists mainly carbon between 82.22 -84.96 wt% and has HHV in the range of 25.98 -27.65 MJ/kg. This may be used as solid biofuel, adsorbent and source of carbon. High percentage of hydrogen (H2) and carbon monoxide (CO) were observed in the non-condensable gas which may be processed to transportation fuel via Fisher-Tropsch process. Oil palm residues represent good source of renewable energy when all the pyrolysis products are efficiently utilized.

show abstract

Section: Pyrolysis Products Distribution and Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pyrolysis of Oil Palm Residues in a Fixed Bed Tubular Reactor

Ehsan¹,

Abdalla$Energy²,

Birmingham³

et al. 2015

JPEE

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Most of the time, the catalysts are supported on alumino-silicate structures, like zeolites [2]. Catalysts can be mixed with the biomass within the reactor [3], or placed in a fixed-bed at the outlet of the pyrolysis reactor [4], or used as a bed material in fluidised bed reactors [5]. Pyrolysis of metal salt impregnated biomass has also been considered.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass

Eibner

Broust

Blin

et al. 2015

Journal of Analytical and Applied Pyrolysis

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

b s t r a c tCatalytic pyrolysis is a promising way to improve bio-oil product quality. In this study, metal salts were directly impregnated in biomass to generate in situ catalysts and investigate their impact on pyrolysis products. Seven metals -Ce, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu and Zn -were selected and impregnated in eucalyptus using nitrate salts. A fixed-bed reactor, pre-heated at 500• C and inerted with N 2 flow, was used for pyrolysis. Both gas and bio-oil compositions were analysed, paying particular attention to the production of anhydrosugars. The anhydrosugar yields were found to be strongly influenced by the presence of metal salt catalysts. In particular, both Zn and Co salts yielded more anhydrosugars in comparison with catalyst-free sample. Moreover, LAC (1-hydroxy-(1R)-3,6-dioxabicyclo[3.2.1]octan-2-one) was produced in higher amounts than levoglucosan which is commonly produced without any catalyst. Metals were found to remain in all chars and tended to form metal-based nanoparticles (e.g. Cu 0 , Ni 0 , ZnO) able to act as in situ catalysts during the pyrolysis process. It seems that those metal nanoparticles are closely related to LAC production. In parallel to metal cations, nitrates were also suspected to play a significant role during pyrolysis. The suspected impact of anions on levoglucosenone production is discussed. Concerning gas yields, the impregnated nitrate salts were found to strongly affect CO 2 production.

show abstract

“…Wang et al found that ZSM-5 catalyst increased the aromatic hydrocarbon content from 0.72%, obtained by non-catalytic pyrolysis of Douglas-fir, to 6.89% [33]. Moreover, increasing of aromatic hydrocarbon by about 50% from non-catalytic pyrolysis was achieved in rice husk pyrolysis by using ZSM-5 as catalyst [8] Aromatisation reaction may be preceded by the DielsAlder reaction, in which cyclic and aromatic compounds are produced by cracking combine with each other as shown in Equation 1 [34]. C-C bonds cracking are promoted by strong acidity and shape selectivity of ZSM-5.…”

Section: Catalystmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Instead of catalytic upgrading of bio-oil, the addition of catalyst during the pyrolysis process was proposed as the alternative pathway to enhance the biooil properties. The direct use of catalysts could decrease the pyrolysis temperature, increase the conversion of biomass and the yield of bio-oil, and change the distribution of the pyrolytic liquid products then improve the quality of the bio-oil obtained [5]- [8].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%