The
reduction of nitrite (NO2
–) to
generate nitric oxide (NO) is a significant area of research due to
their roles in the global nitrogen cycle. Here, we describe various
modifications of the tris(5-cyclohexyliminopyrrol-2-ylmethyl)amine
H3[N(piR)3] ligand where the steric
bulk and acidity of the secondary coordination sphere were explored
in the non-heme iron system for nitrite reduction. The cyclohexyl
and 2,4,6-trimethylphenyl variants of the ligand were used to probe
the mechanism of nitrite reduction. While previously stoichiometric
addition of nitrite to the iron(II)-species generated an iron(III)-oxo
complex, changing the secondary coordination sphere to mesityl resulted
in an iron(III)-hydroxo complex. Subsequent addition of an electron
and two protons led to the release of water and regeneration of the
starting iron(II) catalyst. This sequence mirrored the proposed mechanism
of nitrite reduction in biological systems, where the distal histidine
residue shuttles protons to the active site. Computational studies
aimed at interrogating the dissimilar behavior of the cyclohexyl and
mesityl ligand systems resulting in Fe(III)-oxo and Fe(III)-hydroxo
complexes, respectively, shed light on the key role of H-bonds involving
the secondary coordination sphere in the relative stability of these
species.