Catalytic Reforming

Gjervan, Torbjørn; Prestvik, Rune; Holmén, Anders

doi:10.1007/978-3-662-05981-4_4

Cited by 6 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 54 publications

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“…The agglomeration and growth of the catalyst metal crystallites is the process known as sintering, which is influenced by several factors, such as temperature and the reaction medium, among others. 135 Thus, high temperatures, typically above 500 °C, and the presence of steam promote the sintering phenomenon, leading to irreversible or difficult to reverse deactivation of the catalyst. Besides, the metal type and its dispersion on the support, the presence of promoters or impurities on the surface, and the textural properties of the support greatly influence the sintering rates.…”

Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The irreversibility of poisoning and catalyst regenerability are greatly influenced by the type of poison, the catalyst, and the process. Thus, the main poison of reforming catalysts is sulfur, which may be in the feed as an organic sulfur compound, at concentrations of up to 1500 ppm . However, the catalyst tolerance against poisons depends on the materials that make up the catalyst, with the best performance against poisoning deactivation having been reported for noble metal based catalysts. , …”

Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Progress on Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Biomass and Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Volatiles: A Review

et al. 2021

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In recent decades, the production of H 2 from biomass, waste plastics, and their mixtures has attracted increasing attention in the literature in order to overcome the environmental problems associated with global warming and CO 2 emissions caused by conventional H 2 production processes. In this regard, the strategy based on pyrolysis and in-line catalytic reforming allows for obtaining high H 2 production from a wide variety of feedstocks. In addition, it provides several advantages compared to other thermochemical routes such as steam gasification, making it suitable for its further industrial implementation. This review analyzes the fundamental aspects involving the process of pyrolysis-reforming of biomass and waste plastics. However, the optimum design of transition metal based reforming catalysts is the bottleneck in the development of the process and final H 2 production. Accordingly, this review focuses especially on the influence the catalytic materials (support, promoters, and active phase), synthesis methods, and pyrolysis-reforming conditions have on the process performance. The results reported in the literature for the steam reforming of the volatiles derived from biomass, plastic wastes, and biomass/plastics mixtures on different metal based catalysts have been compared and analyzed in terms of H 2 production.

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Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Reforming Catalystsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Progress on Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Biomass and Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Volatiles: A Review

et al. 2021

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“…It is known that Pt-based catalysts present the best activity for a number of important catalytic reactions, such as oxygen reductionthat is one of the most important reactions in energy conversion. , Furthermore, experimental work has reported that Pt sub-nanometer clusters supported on a high-surface area Al 2 O 3 oxide are highly active toward oxidative dehydrogenation of propane . In particular, when alloyed with rheniumone of the rarest elements on the EarthRe–Pt alloys have found niche applications such as superalloys in turbine blades, to more importantly, global and efficient Re–Pt bimetallic catalysts for high octane gasoline production via hydrocarbon reforming. − The superior catalytic activity of such bimetallic catalyst and its increased stabilitynamely, against cokinghas been experimentally rationalized as a conjunction of structural and electronic effects due to Re content. − Other experimental applications of highly active Re–Pt catalysts include low-temperature water–gas shift , to promising direct ethanol fuel cells when Sn is also included, forming a ternary alloy, for example. In the former, the increased catalytic activity has been explained due to a reduced CO binding within the Re–Pt alloy, thus reducing CO poisoning; with Re presence shifts the onset potential to more negative values, while it helps breaking the C–C ethanol bonds in the latter.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structure, Energetics, and Thermal Behavior of Bimetallic Re–Pt Clusters

2021

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Bimetallic Re−Pt is a widely used catalyst in petroleum reforming to obtain high-octane gasoline, but experimental and theoretical information of such systems at the subnanometer scalenamely, as cluster aggregatesis currently lacking. Thus, in this work, we performed a density functional theory-based global optimization study to determine the physicochemical properties of the most stable Re−Pt gas-phase clusters up to six atoms for all compositions. Our results indicate that in these putative global minima (GM) geometries, Re atoms tend to aggregate, while most Pt atoms remain separated from each other. This is even observed in Pt-rich clustersan indication of the strength of the Re−Re and Re−Pt bonds over pure Pt−Pt onesdue to a strong, directional hybridization of the Re halffilled 5d and the nearly full Pt 5d states. We observe that doping monometallic Pt clusters even with a single Re atom increases their binding energy values and widens the bimetallic cluster highest occupied molecular orbital−lowest unoccupied molecular orbital gap. As catalysis occurs at elevated temperatures, we explore the concept of cluster fluxionality for Re− Pt minima in terms of the calculated isomer occupation probability, P(T). This allows us to quantify the abundance of GM and lowenergy isomer configurations as a function of temperature. This is done at size 5 atoms due to the wide isomer observed variety. Our calculations indicate that for pure Re 5 , the P(T) of the GM configuration substantially decreases after 750 K. Especially, for Re 4 Pt 1 , the GM is the dominant structure up to nearly 700 K when the second-energy isomer becomes the stable one. Although no ordering changes are seen for Re 3 Pt 2 , Re 2 Pt 3 , and Re 1 Pt 4 , we do observe a structural transitionbetween the GM and the second isomerfor pure Pt 5 above 1000 K. We expect this type of combined first-principles analysis to add to the overall, continuous understanding of the stability and energetics of ultrafine and highly-dispersed Re−Pt petroleum-reforming catalysts and the scarce available information on this particular bimetallic system.

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“…However, to the best of our knowledge ethylcyclopentane is a completely new compound for application as biofuel. It has the boiling point of 103 °C and relatively high octane number (RON 67), 42 making it a potential drop-in biofuel. In this study, we report a route for obtaining ethylcyclopentane from furfural, which includes addition of ethyl group to furfural, Piancatelli rearrangement, and subsequent HDO of obtained cyclopentenone 3 (Scheme 1c).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Route for Conversion of Furfural to Ethylcyclopentane

2018

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A method for conversion of furfural, widely available platform chemical from biomass, to ethylcyclopentane, is reported. Ethylcyclopentane is a cyclic alkane with a relatively high octane number (RON 67, bp 103 °C) and could potentially serve as a drop-in biofuel. The synthetic route includes a transformation of furfural to 1-(furan-2-yl)propan-1-ol that is further subjected to Piancatelli rearrangement to give 5-ethyl-4-hydroxycyclopent-2-en-1-one. The subsequent hydrodeoxygenation affords ethylcyclopentane in 48% isolated yield.

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Catalytic Reforming

Cited by 6 publications

References 54 publications

Progress on Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Biomass and Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Volatiles: A Review

Progress on Catalyst Development for the Steam Reforming of Biomass and Waste Plastics Pyrolysis Volatiles: A Review

Structure, Energetics, and Thermal Behavior of Bimetallic Re–Pt Clusters

Route for Conversion of Furfural to Ethylcyclopentane

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