Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.

Shakya, Rajdeep; Adhikari, Sushil; Mahadevan, Ravishankar; Hassan, El Barbary; Dempster, Thomas A.

doi:10.1016/j.biortech.2017.12.067

Cited by 76 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 37 publications

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“…As these products may have been the result of symmetric ketone transformation, it was suggested that sodium carbonate provided greater conversion of the fatty acid to ketone, and that alumina converted the latter to linear C23 hydrocarbons, methyl ketones (17) and lighter hydrocarbons. This hypothesis was supported by the discrete presence of the products (10), (11), (13), (14), (15) and (16) under condition D-12:0/Al 2 O 3 , ( Figure 5, zoom (A) and (B), black line) and the largest global area of light products, with 1-decene (4) being the most abundant ( Figure 5, zoom (C)). These results were in good agreement with literature observations [8,20,21].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

“…Figure 1 presents the dilaurin molecule formula and suggests the main places where initial cracking may occur. The acid content of bio-oils, caused by the presence of carboxylic acids and water content, is an important parameter for the use of biomass feedstock for biofuels production [10,11]. During pyrolysis of bio-oils, alkali metal carbonates, including sodium carbonate, were used to significantly decrease the oxygen content and the acidity of the products [12][13][14].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

et al. 2019

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The objective of this work was to study the fast pyrolysis of a diglyceride intermediate compound during the conversion of triglycerides to fatty acids, esters and/or hydrocarbons. Dilaurin was selected as a model compound. Pyrolysis was conducted in a micro-pyrolyzer coupled to GC-MS equipment at 500, 550 and 600 °C for 15 s in the presence of sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) as the catalyst. Results were compared to pyrolysis data using γ-Al2O3 as a catalyst. At 600 °C with Na2CO3 almost total conversion of diglyceride was obtained, with the formation of 41.3% hydrocarbons (C3 to C13). In the same conditions using alumina as a catalyst 68.5% of hydrocarbons were obtained. Na2CO3 presented itself as an efficient feedstock modifier, allowing pre-cracking and partial deoxygenation of the load. The use of the Na2CO3 and γ-Al2O3 conjugated system in layers reduced the fatty acid content in the products, increasing both the reagent conversion and the hydrocarbon variety (C3 to C23). This work suggests that the use of a double bed catalytic reactor is suitable for performing a deoxygenating pretreatment and producing hydrocarbons compatible with current liquid fuels, being potentially useful for more complex raw materials such as those from biomass treatments.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 78%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

et al. 2019

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“…In addition, the abundant components in upgraded biocrude were branched alkanes and straight-chain alkanes. Shakya et al studied the catalytic upgrading of biocrude oil from HTL of Nannochloropsis [145]. Five different catalysts (Pt/C, Ru/C, Ni/C, ZSM-5 and Ni/ZSM-5) were used as the upgrading catalysts.…”

Section: Catalytic Upgrading Of Htl Biocrudementioning

confidence: 99%

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Zhou

2020

Catalysts

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The depletion of fossil fuel has drawn growing attention towards the utilization of renewable biomass for sustainable energy production. Technologies for the production of algae derived biofuel has attracted wide attention in recent years. Direct thermochemical conversion of algae obtained biocrude oil with poor fuel quality due to the complex composition of algae. Thus, catalysts are required in such process to remove the heteroatoms such as oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. This article reviews the recent advances in catalytic systems for the direct catalytic conversion of algae, as well as catalytic upgrading of algae-derived oil or biocrude into liquid fuels with high quality. Heterogeneous catalysts with high activity in deoxygenation and denitrogenation are preferable for the conversion of algae oil to high-grade liquid fuel. The paper summarized the influence of reaction parameters and reaction routes for the catalytic conversion process of algae from critical literature. The development of new catalysts, conversion conditions, and efficiency indicators (yields and selectivity) from different literature are presented and compared. The future prospect and challenges in general utilization of algae are also proposed.

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“…Gaseous products can be formed from various reactions during the bio-oil upgrading process namely; cracking, decarboxylation, decarbonylation, methanation, and hydrodenitrogenation [29]. Table 1 indicates the bio-oil methanol reaction generated lower total liquid and solid product yield compared to the ethanol and isopropanol.…”

Section: Product Yieldsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This may be linked to the high solid and gas yield after the supercritical methanol reaction which led to C and H loss and subsequent increased proportion of O. Carbon may be lost as solid and gas due to polymerisation reactions and decarboxylation, decarbonylation, methanation reactions, respectively [29]. This indicates the supercritical reaction is more reactive with methanol solvent than ethanol or isopropanol.…”

Section: Physicochemical Properties Of Bio-oil and Treated Biooilsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

Omar

Alsamaq

Yang

et al. 2019

Front. Chem. Sci. Eng.

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The work studied a non-catalytic upgrading of fast pyrolysis bio-oil by blending under supercritical conditions using methanol, ethanol and isopropanol as solvent and hydrogen donor. Characterisation of the bio-oil and the upgraded bio-oils was carried out including moisture content, elemental content, pH, heating value, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GCMS), Fourier transform infrared radiation, 13 C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy, and thermogravimetric analysis to evaluate the effects of blending and supercritical reactions. The GCMS analysis indicated that the supercritical methanol reaction removed the acids in the bio-oil consequently the pH increased from 2.39 in the crude bio-oil to 4.04 after the supercritical methanol reaction. The ester contents increased by 87.49% after the supercritical methanol reaction indicating ester formation could be the major deacidification mechanism for reducing the acidity of the bio-oil and improving its pH value. Simply blending crude bio-oil with isopropanol was effective in increasing the C and H content, reducing the O content and increasing the heating value to 27.55 from 17.51 MJ$kg-1 in the crude bio-oil. After the supercritical isopropanol reaction, the heating value of the liquid product slightly further increased to 28.85 MJ$kg-1 .

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Catalytic upgrading of bio-oil produced from hydrothermal liquefaction of Nannochloropsis sp.

Cited by 76 publications

References 37 publications

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

Fast Catalytic Pyrolysis of Dilaurin in the Presence of Sodium Carbonate Alone or Combined with Alumina

Catalytic Thermochemical Conversion of Algae and Upgrading of Algal Oil for the Production of High-Grade Liquid Fuel: A Review

Production of renewable fuels by blending bio-oil with alcohols and upgrading under supercritical conditions

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