Catalytic Wet Air Oxidation of Acetic Acid on Carbon-Supported Ruthenium Catalysts

Carbon materials and catalytic wet air oxidation of organic pollutants in wastewater

“…Suitable support properties provided by the carbons used may account for these findings. TEM analysis revealed 10 times higher metal dispersion and surface area [138] as well as a uniform metal particle size distribution [126] for the tested carbon supports. High surface area graphite further outperformed (microporous) AC in the oxidation of acetic acid and ammonia [126,138].…”

“…TEM analysis revealed 10 times higher metal dispersion and surface area [138] as well as a uniform metal particle size distribution [126] for the tested carbon supports. High surface area graphite further outperformed (microporous) AC in the oxidation of acetic acid and ammonia [126,138]. The 10 to 40 times greater activities observed in case of Ru-particles supported on graphite were partially attributed to a less hindered access of reactant molecules to the active metal sites in the mesoporous graphite structure [126].…”

“…Among the available techniques of catalyst preparation, incipient wetness impregnation was mostly employed followed by ion exchange. In the latter, the carbon support is pre-oxidised with a sodium hypochlorite solution to create exchangeable carboxylic groups on the carbon surface [126]. The presence of these No data on AC combustion reported groups guarantees a strong anchorage of the metal particles to the carbon surface providing high dispersion, homogeneous particle distribution and stability to sintering.…”

“…High surface area graphite further outperformed (microporous) AC in the oxidation of acetic acid and ammonia [126,138]. The 10 to 40 times greater activities observed in case of Ru-particles supported on graphite were partially attributed to a less hindered access of reactant molecules to the active metal sites in the mesoporous graphite structure [126]. In addition, a support effect involving electron transfer from the graphite structure to the small Ru-particles was postulated to take place leading to a better resistance of the metal surface to oxygen poisoning.…”

The use of graphite oxide to produce mesoporous carbon supporting Pt, Ru, or Pd nanoparticles

“…One known method of metal dispersion consists of the following steps: (i) oxidation of the carbon surface, (ii) adsorption or intercalation of the metal complex by cation exchange, and (iii) deposition of metal through pyrolysis of the complex. For example, some reported catalysts consist of activated carbons or high surface area graphites (HSAGs) supporting Pt [5] or Ru [6] nanoparticles, which were produced using the method above. Recently, Mastalir et al reported a graphite oxide having Pd nanoparticles, which was not calcined [7].…”