Catalyzed esterification of oleic acid

Abstract

ConclusionsIt has been shown that the effectiveness of certain divalent metal salts as esterification catalysts can be quantitatively compared and that for the Group II B series their effectiveness is inversely proportional to their ionic volume. The rates of esterification using these metal salts are not as great as for strong acids, but it is probable that the mechanism is similar and that the metal salts act as acids in the general sense.The rates of esterification differ appreciably for different primary polyols. It is also probable that these differences are related to the comparative acidity or basicity of the alcohols.It would be particularly desirable to investigate the activity of the catalysts in different alcohols. It is possible that infrared studies might show formation of a complex between the catalyst and either the alcohol or the acid or both. A number of possibilities may be formulated; at present we lack critical evidence to distinguish between them and this area provides a fruitful field for further research.

Esterification Kinetics of Glycerol with Fatty Acids in the Presence of Zinc Carboxylates: Preparation of Modified Acylglycerol Emulsifiers

“…Such an effect was not discussed by Hartmann. 28 The results cited above as well as other authors' reports on esterification kinetics 15,[25][26][27][28] give no information about the concentration of MAG in the reaction mixture.…”

“…The highest R FA and R G values were observed for the esterifications of glycerol with lauric acid at 160 °C (G/ FA/ZnC molar ratio ) 1:1:0.025) and at 150 °C (G/FA/ ZnC molar ratio ) 1:1:0.05). Dunlap and Heckles 25 proposed a second-order rate for the esterifications of ethylene glycol with oleic acid carried out in the presence of zinc acetate and stearate. The reaction order was determined from the slope of a plot of the reciprocal of the fatty acid concentration vs time.…”

Esterification kinetics of glycerol with fatty acids in the presence of sodium and potassium soaps

“…It was found [20][21][22][23][24], that the reaction kinetics is of second order. This was proved by Hartmann [13] for uncatalyzed esterification reaction, but only for equivalent weight concentration of the substrates.…”

Esterification of oleic acid with glycerol in the presence of sulfated iron oxide catalyst

“…A considerable amount of work has been done on the esterification of fatty acids with glycerol (1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7). In most of these studies, either with (8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)(19)(20)(21) or without catalyst (6,8,18,22,23), the conditions necessary to obtain specified partial glycerides in high yield and to reach lower acid values in a reasonable time period were determined. The reaction was also investigated by several researchers with respect to its kinetics.…”

“…The kinetics of the esterification of glycerol with soapstock fatty acids (24), lauric acid (25), and palmitic acid (26) were studied. Additionally, Dunlop and Heckles (21) included glycerol in their study on the catalyzed esterification of oleic acid with various glycols (21). Hartman (22) studied the esterification kinetics of some saturated and unsaturated fatty acids with glycerol at 180~ with and without a cosolvent.…”