Catalyzed pyrolysis of SRC poplar biomass. Alkaline carbonates and zeolites catalysts

Dias, Ana Paula Soares; Rego, Filipe; Fonseca, Frederico Gomes; Casquilho, Miguel; Rosa, Fátima; Rodrigues, Abel

doi:10.1016/j.energy.2019.07.009

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…The pyrolysis experiments, with and without catalyst, were carried out in a fixed-bed tubular reactor (quartz) under nitrogen flow, as described in previous studies of microalgal 45 and wood biomass pyrolysis. 15 The reactor used in this study had an internal diameter of 16 mm and a length of 1500 mm. Two-thirds of the Pyrex tube was filled with inert material, carborundum (particles size of 0.5 mm), and the powdered biomass sample (5 g) was deposited on a thin layer of glass wool that prevented its entrainment by the inert gas flow.…”

Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The pyrolysis experiments, with and without catalyst, were carried out in a fixed‐bed tubular reactor (quartz) under nitrogen flow, as described in previous studies of microalgal 45 and wood biomass pyrolysis 15 . The reactor used in this study had an internal diameter of 16 mm and a length of 1500 mm.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Bio‐char is used as a carbon source for producing various carbon‐based materials and bio‐oil is used as a chemical feedstock for valuable chemical products 14 . There have been several studies of biomass pyrolysis and respective product characterization, mainly focused on lignocellulosic biomass, such as woody 15 and herbaceous 16,17 plants. This type of biomass is used because it is a renewable and abundant resource 18 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

Ferreira

Dias

2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Microalgae are seen as potential biomass to be used in a biorefinery concept. Several technologies can be used to convert microalgal biomass, but pyrolysis is viewed as a unique pathway to obtain valuable chemicals distributed in three phases: liquid (bio-oil), gas (bio-gas) and solid (bio-char). The liquid phase, bio-oil, usually presents higher heating value than raw biomass, but acidity and oxygen content are major drawbacks. In situ catalyzed pyrolysis can help to decrease the oxygen content and acidity of pyrolytic bio-oils. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus were pyrolyzed in a fixed-bed reactor using commercial carbonate catalysts (Li 2 CO 3 , Na 2 CO 3 , K 2 CO 3 , MgCO 3 , SrCO 3 and MnCO 3). The catalysis pyrolysis temperature (375°C) was selected from thermal degradation profiles obtained using thermogravimetry under nitrogen flow and corresponds to the maximum degradation rate for both microalgae. In spite of similar volatile and fixed carbon contents, microalgae performed differentially during pyrolysis mainly due to the different contents of carbohydrates, oils and proteins. Chlorella vulgaris and Scenedesmus obliquus showed bio-oil yield in the range 26-38 and 28-50 wt%, respectively. Only sodium carbonate was able to decrease the bio-char yield, confirming that carbonate catalysts prompt simultaneously gasification and carbonization reactions. Fourier transform infrared spectra of produced bio-oils showed a net decrease of acidity, associated with carbonyl species when carbonate catalysts were used. Bio-char morphology, for both microalgae, showed evidence of melting and resolidification of cell structures, which might be due to the lower melting points of the pyrolysis products obtained from proteins and lipids.

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Section: Experimental Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

Ferreira

Dias

2020

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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“…All the catalysts used, namely, the basic ones [magnesium carbonate (MgCO 3 ) and sodium carbonate (Na 2 CO 3 )) and acids (H-ZSM-5 and Fluid Catalytic Cracking (FCC)], reduced the number of acids present in the bio-oil. For biochar, better yields were obtained (approximately 21% by weight) when applied to pine bark (containing a greater amount of lignin) in a non-catalytic system, than in the case of Populus [362].…”

Section: Populus (Populus Spp)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review

et al. 2022

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Energy crops are dedicated cultures directed for biofuels, electricity, and heat production. Due to their tolerance to contaminated lands, they can alleviate and remediate land pollution by the disposal of toxic elements and polymetallic agents. Moreover, these crops are suitable to be exploited in marginal soils (e.g., saline), and, therefore, the risk of land-use conflicts due to competition for food, feed, and fuel is reduced, contributing positively to economic growth, and bringing additional revenue to landowners. Therefore, further study and investment in R&D is required to link energy crops to the implementation of biorefineries. The main objective of this study is to present a review of the potential of selected energy crops for bioenergy and biofuels production, when cultivated in marginal/degraded/contaminated (MDC) soils (not competing with agriculture), contributing to avoiding Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) burdens. The selected energy crops are Cynara cardunculus, Arundo donax, Cannabis sativa, Helianthus tuberosus, Linum usitatissimum, Miscanthus × giganteus, Sorghum bicolor, Panicum virgatum, Acacia dealbata, Pinus pinaster, Paulownia tomentosa, Populus alba, Populus nigra, Salix viminalis, and microalgae cultures. This article is useful for researchers or entrepreneurs who want to know what kind of crops can produce which biofuels in MDC soils.

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“…Recently published work on thermochemical conversion of poplar clones from SRCs includes studies on torrefaction [ 15 , 16 ], pyrolysis [ 17 , 18 , 19 , 20 ], and hydrothermal liquefaction [ 21 ], and solvent liquefaction [ 6 , 22 , 23 , 24 , 25 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations

Paulo¹,

Costa²,

Rodrigues

et al. 2022

Molecules

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Liquefaction of biomass delivers a liquid bio-oil with relevant chemical and energetic applications. In this study we coupled it with short rotation coppice (SRC) intensively managed poplar cultivations aimed at biomass production while safeguarding environmental principles of soil quality and biodiversity. We carried out acid-catalyzed liquefaction, at 160 °C and atmospheric pressure, with eight poplar clones from SRC cultivations. The bio-oil yields were high, ranging between 70.7 and 81.5%. Average gains of bio-oil, by comparison of raw biomasses, in elementary carbon and hydrogen and high heating, were 25.6, 67, and 74%, respectively. Loss of oxygen and O/C ratios averaged 38 and 51%, respectively. Amounts of elementary carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen in bio-oil were 65, 26, and 8.7%, and HHV averaged 30.5 MJkg−1. Correlation analysis showed the interrelation between elementary carbon with HHV in bio-oil or with oxygen loss. Overall, from 55 correlations, 21 significant and high correlations among a set of 11 variables were found. Among the most relevant ones, the percentage of elementary carbon presented five significant correlations with the percentage of O (−0.980), percentage of C gain (0.902), percentage of O loss (0.973), HHV gain (0.917), and O/C loss (0.943). The amount of carbon is directly correlated with the amount of oxygen, conversely, the decrease in oxygen content increases the elementary carbon and hydrogen concentration, which leads to an improvement in HHV. HHV gain showed a strong positive dependence on the percentage of C (0.917) and percentage of C gain (0.943), while the elementary oxygen (−0.885) and its percentage of O loss (0.978) adversely affect the HHV gain. Consequently, the O/C loss (0.970) increases the HHV positively. van Krevelen’s analysis indicated that bio-oils are chemically compatible with liquid fossil fuels. FTIR-ATR evidenced the presence of derivatives of depolymerization of lignin and cellulose in raw biomasses in bio-oil. TGA/DTG confirmed the bio-oil burning aptitude by the high average 53% mass loss of volatiles associated with lowered peaking decomposition temperatures by 100 °C than raw biomasses. Overall, this research shows the potential of bio-oil from liquefaction of SRC biomasses for the contribution of renewable energy and chemical deliverables, and thereby, to a greener global economy.

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Catalyzed pyrolysis of SRC poplar biomass. Alkaline carbonates and zeolites catalysts

Cited by 19 publications

References 30 publications

Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

Pyrolysis of microalgae biomass over carbonate catalysts

Low Indirect Land Use Change (ILUC) Energy Crops to Bioenergy and Biofuels—A Review

Acid-Catalyzed Liquefaction of Biomasses from Poplar Clones for Short Rotation Coppice Cultivations

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