Cataracts, characterized by the opacification of the eye lens leading to visual deterioration, pose a significant global health issue. Timely and accurate detection of cataracts is pivotal for halting disease progression and augmenting the patients' quality of life. However, conventional diagnostic approaches for cataract detection and grading rely heavily on the expertise of ophthalmologists, a solution that can be unduly costly and inaccessible for certain population segments seeking early intervention. Addressing this challenge, the present study introduces a computer-assisted diagnostic strategy for the detection and grading of cataracts, drawing on fundus retinal images. The proposed approach capitalizes on a deep convolutional neural network to extract features from fundus images, which are subsequently evaluated via three distinct classification algorithms: Support Vector Machine, Naive Bayes, and Decision Tree. The resultant categorization stratifies the images into four severity levels: mild, moderate, normal, and severe. Further enhancing the classifier's prediction accuracy, an Ensemble (ES) learning mechanism via a Majority Voting Scheme (MVS) process is incorporated into the study. A total of 1600 fundus images, sourced from various open-access databases and classified into four categories by an expert ophthalmologist, were utilized for the study. The proposed methodology demonstrated a commendable accuracy rate of 97.34% in the four-stage cataract classification and grading, outperforming existing methodologies. This research advances the field by introducing a reliable, cost-effective, and accessible solution for early cataract detection, contributing significantly to global health improvements.