Catarrhine juvenile mortality in captivity, under seminatural conditions, and in the wild

Debyser, Isolde

doi:10.1007/bf02696111

Cited by 18 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…Even under similar conditions, it suggests that chimpanzee infants are more at risk than bonobo infants are. In captivity, trauma and disease are the main causes of infant death in both species (Debyser, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Parameters of FemalePan paniscus and P. troglodytes: Quality versus Quantity

Lathouwers

Elsacker

2005

Int J Primatol

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We investigated intra-and interspecific differences in life history and reproductive parameters in bonobos (Pan paniscus) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes). We compare the parameters of wild and captive females in order to shed light on the influence of habitat or specific differences or both on reproduction. We present new and additional information on reproductive parameters from captive bonobos and chimpanzees. Captive chimpanzees birth more live offspring and have a shorter interbirth interval, but experience higher infant mortality than captive bonobos. Although captive bonobo females tend to start reproduction at a younger age than chimpanzees, this is effectively only so for wild-born females of both species. Ultimately both species reach the same rate of production of offspring surviving to 5 yr. These results contrast with data from the wild. Wild bonobos tend to have higher reproductive success, a higher fertility rate and a shorter interbirth interval than wild chimpanzees. Reproduction is similar for wild and captive bonobos, which suggests that they are producing at their maximum under both conditions. Overall captive chimpanzees perform better than their wild conspecifics, probably because of lower feeding competition. Infant survival is the only specific difference not affected by captivity. Bonobo infants survive better, which suggests that chimpanzee infants are more at risk. We argue that the interspecific variation in reproductive parameters in captivity is related to the different influence of captivity on reproduction and different pressures of external sources of infant and juvenile mortality.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reproductive Parameters of FemalePan paniscus and P. troglodytes: Quality versus Quantity

Lathouwers

Elsacker

2005

Int J Primatol

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“…Furthermore, in many mammalian and primate species males will have a higher mortality rate than females throughout their lifetime or in certain age classes [Triver, ; Kruger & Nesse, ; primates: Altmann and Altmann, ; Dunbar, ; Froehlich et al, ; Dyke et al, ; Robinson, ; Rajpurohit and Sommer, ; Luder, ; Debyser, ; Hill et al, ]. However, we found that for this population of silvered leaf monkeys the mortality rates in both sexes were comparable.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 46%

“…Though we did observe an increase in juvenile male mortality as has been reported in other primates [van Schaik and de Visser, 1990;Luder, 1993;Fedigan and Zohar, 1997], at present the sample size is too small to draw a broad conclusion. Furthermore, in many mammalian and primate species males will have a higher mortality rate than females throughout their lifetime or in certain age classes [Triver, 1985;Kruger & Nesse, 2004;primates: Altmann and Altmann, 1970;Dunbar, 1980;Froehlich et al, 1981;Dyke et al, 1986;Robinson, 1988;Rajpurohit and Sommer, 1991;Luder, 1993;Debyser, 1995;Hill et al, 2001]. However, we found that for this population of silvered leaf monkeys the mortality rates in both sexes were comparable.…”

Section: Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 50%

“…Additionally, it has also been found that in many mammal species [Gadgil and Bossert, ; Clutton‐Brock et al, ; Clinton and Le Boeuf, ], including primates [Richard, ; Debyser, ], males tend to have higher mortality rates and shorter life expectancy (average age at death) than females [primates: macaques: Drickamer, ; Fedigan and Zohar, ; baboons: Dunbar, ; Rhine et al, ; chimpanzees: Littleton, ; sifakas: Richard et al, ; mandrills: Setchell et al, ; Thomas leaf monkeys: Wich et al, ]. The higher mortality rate in males have by many been attributed to the increased likelihood of participating in risky behaviors like male–male contests, intergroup encounters, predator defense and increased exposure risks associated with emigration, all this coupled with high testosterone levels which have been shown to be an immunosuppressant (i.e., increased susceptibility to diseases) is believed to contribute toward a decreased life expectancy [Folstad and Karter, ; Moller et al, ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

2013

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This study examines mortality in the North American (N.A.) population of silvered leaf monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus) maintained in Association of Zoos and Aquarium's zoos. Understanding the causes of death associated with mortality rates (MR) can highlight relative susceptibility to intrinsic/extrinsic factors and differences between age and sex classes. Overall, life tables can provide insight into a species' population dynamics. We expect that the MR will fit the general mammalian and primate trends of a U-shaped curve when graphed, that males will have a higher MR and shorter life expectancy than females and that infant survival will be higher in captivity than in wild populations. Our results indicate that the N.A. captive population fits expected MR trends of a U-shaped curve. However, no differences in MR or life expectancy were found between the sexes. Infant survivorship did not differ from the wild or other leaf monkey populations (both captive and wild). The majority of infant deaths occurred on day 1 of life (52.8% of all infant deaths) and infant survivorship to 1 year was 66%. Neonates (n = 6, 31.6%) and infants (n = 4, 44.4%) died from trauma, juveniles (n = 2, 33.3%) from nutritional reasons, adults from non-infectious diseases (n = 7, 29.2%) and from post-surgical complications (n = 7, 29.2%), and older adults from idiopathic diseases (n = 4, 26.7%) and non-infectious diseases (n = 4, 26.7%). Only older adult males died from degenerative diseases (i.e., heart failure, n = 3, 42.9%). In general, this captive population demonstrated some similar trends to those observed in mammalian and Old World monkey populations.

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“…Captive primates have a higher mortality rate than wild-born primates before 1 month of age and trauma is a more likely cause of death than infectious disease (Debyser, 1995). In a captive colony of hamadryas baboons, 14% of pregnancies resulted in abortions; of 100 live births, Lewis et al, 1988;Mott et al, 1990Mott et al, , 1993 Plasma total triiodothyronine (T 3 ) and free T 3 levels were higher in nursery infants in late preweaning period (4-14 weeks); plasma total thyroxine (T 4 ) and free T 4 were not different…”

Section: Mortality and Morbiditymentioning

confidence: 99%

Baboon Nursery Rearing Practices and Comparisons between Nursery-Reared and Mother-Reared Individuals

Brent

Bode

2006

Nursery Rearing of Nonhuman Primates in the 21st Century

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Catarrhine juvenile mortality in captivity, under seminatural conditions, and in the wild

Cited by 18 publications

References 122 publications

Reproductive Parameters of FemalePan paniscus and P. troglodytes: Quality versus Quantity

Reproductive Parameters of FemalePan paniscus and P. troglodytes: Quality versus Quantity

Survival Patterns and Mortality in the North American Population of Silvered Leaf Monkeys (Trachypithecus cristatus)

Baboon Nursery Rearing Practices and Comparisons between Nursery-Reared and Mother-Reared Individuals

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