Catastrophic cracking courtesy of quiescent cavitation

Daily, Jesse; Pendlebury, Jonathon; Langley, Kenneth R.; Hurd, Randy; Thomson, Scott L.; Truscott, Tadd

doi:10.1063/1.4894073

Cited by 17 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 0 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Using a water/gelatine mixture, they were able to control several parameters such as the shape and the size of the bubbles . Other relevant works include those of, who studied the catastrophic rupture of glass bottles induced by the collapse of bubbles after an impact. Rodr´ıguez‐Rodr´ıguez et al report experiments on the dynamic response of bubbles in supersaturated media triggered by the impact on a vessel and Dular and Coutier‐Delgosha use the “tube arrest” method to investigate the thermodynamic effects associated to the collapse of a single bubble.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the collapse of bubbles after the impact of a piston on a liquid free surface

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We describe a novel technique based on the impact of a piston on a liquid confined in a vessel. Pressure measurements reveal that strong pressure variations (up to 100 atmospheres) with a rich content of frequencies are efficiently transmitted to the liquid. High-speed camera visualizations show that pre-existing millimetric bubbles always collapse during the first instants of the impact whereas the behavior of submillimetric bubbles depends on the features of the pressure evolution in the system. In addition to the impact velocity, the amount of * Corresponding author: fuster@dalembert.upmc.fr 1 gas/vapor trapped between the piston and the liquid's surface plays an important role on how pressure evolves. Only when negative pressure occurs bubbles grow significantly and collapse. The violent collapse of bubbles promote turbulence and mixing at very small length-scales which renders this technique interesting to intensify processes limited by heat and mass diffusion.

show abstract

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investigation of the collapse of bubbles after the impact of a piston on a liquid free surface

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…They reported that the cavitation may occur in the liquid due to dynamic stresses imposed by acceleration, but not the conditions for cavitation onset (18,19). Recently, the authors have proposed an alternate cavitation number (1,20) based on the earlier formulation of ref. 11 and found partial validation by conducting a few experiments.…”

Section: [1]mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hence, cavitation is not likely. The group from Utah State University and Brigham Young University (USU/BYU) used a cylindrical cavitation tube built from transparent acrylic (1,20). The cavitation tube was fitted with a pressure tap to control internal pressure and an accelerometer with a maximum measurable acceleration of 1,000 g (Figs.…”

Section: Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Cavitation onset caused by acceleration

Pan

Kiyama

Tagawa

et al. 2017

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Striking the top of a liquid-filled bottle can shatter the bottom. An intuitive interpretation of this event might label an impulsive force as the culprit in this fracturing phenomenon. However, highspeed photography reveals the formation and collapse of tiny bubbles near the bottom before fracture. This observation indicates that the damaging phenomenon of cavitation is at fault. Cavitation is well known for causing damage in various applications including pipes and ship propellers, making accurate prediction of cavitation onset vital in several industries. However, the conventional cavitation number as a function of velocity incorrectly predicts the cavitation onset caused by acceleration. This unexplained discrepancy leads to the derivation of an alternative dimensionless term from the equation of motion, predicting cavitation as a function of acceleration and fluid depth rather than velocity. Two independent research groups in different countries have tested this theory; separate series of experiments confirm that an alternative cavitation number, presented in this paper, defines the universal criteria for the onset of acceleration-induced cavitation. . More commonly, sudden valve closing inside of a water pipe can cause a loud hammering sound due to the collapse of cavitation, resulting in damage on the inner walls (4). The effects of blast and impact that cause traumatic brain injury from cavitation have also been investigated (5, 6). To avoid cavitation-induced damage (7-9), it is crucial to predict the onset of cavitation.Cavitation onset in a high-speed flow [e.g., flow around propellers and in pumps (10)] can be characterized using a variant of the Euler number known as the cavitation number (11,12). The cavitation number is typically of the formwhere pr is the reference pressure, pv is the liquid vapor pressure, ρ is the liquid density, and v is the local velocity (13-16). This cavitation number is a ratio of the pressure difference to the pressure drop due to the fluid momentum. The large momentum of the fluid dominates when C 1, inducing cavitation. However, when C 1, the pressure at all locations is above the threshold for bubble formation, making cavitation unlikely. Practically, several advanced coefficients have been proposed to estimate cavitation inception for various geometries (16).However, the conventional cavitation number (C ) could incorrectly predict the cavitation onset in a liquid accelerated in a short amount of time. For example, the cavitation event that breaks the bottle in Fig. 1A has a maximum velocity of v ≈ 2 m/s, which yields the cavitation number C ∼ O(10 2 ). For the falling tube case in Fig. 1B a similar calculation leads to C ∼ O(10 2 ) (Table S1), whereas the conventional cavitation number requires C 1 (16). Thus, a new cavitation number is required to define the physics of cavitation onset.In the past, researchers have conducted similar experiments with a bullet-piston device to predict the tensile strength of a liquid, including pure water (17). They reported that the ...

show abstract

“…It is defined as K = (P atm − P v )/ρL(a − g), where P atm , P v , ρ and a are respectively the atmospheric pressure, the vapour pressure, the liquid density and the acceleration imposed on the liquid (Daily et al 2014). The fluid is accelerated upward by the impact, while gravitational acceleration g acts in the opposite direction.…”

Section: −2mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of a water hammer and cavitation on jet formation in a test tube

et al. 2015

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We investigate the motion of a gas-liquid interface in a test tube induced by a large acceleration via impulsive force. We conduct simple experiments in which the tube partially filled with a liquid falls under gravity and hits a rigid floor. A curved gasliquid interface inside the tube reverses and eventually forms a so-called focused jet. In our experiments, there arises either vibration of the interface or an increment in the velocity of the liquid jet, accompanied by the onset of cavitation in the liquid column. These phenomena cannot be explained by a considering pressure impulse in a classical potential flow analysis, which does not account for finite speeds of sound or phase changes. Here we model such water-hammer events as a result of the one-dimensional propagation of a pressure wave and its interaction with boundaries through acoustic impedance mismatching. The method of characteristics is applied to describe pressurewave interactions and the subsequent cavitation. The model proposed is found to be able to capture the time-dependent characteristics of the liquid jet.

show abstract

Catastrophic cracking courtesy of quiescent cavitation

Cited by 17 publications

References 0 publications

Investigation of the collapse of bubbles after the impact of a piston on a liquid free surface

Investigation of the collapse of bubbles after the impact of a piston on a liquid free surface

Cavitation onset caused by acceleration

Effects of a water hammer and cavitation on jet formation in a test tube

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About