Catecholamines in Behavior and Sensorimotor Integration: The Neostriatal System

Krauthamer, George M.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4684-3135-3_3

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 158 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The caudate nuclei were chosen, since their function is known to be related to attention, wakefulness, and sensory processing (for review, see Krauthamer, 1975), which are affected in hepatic encephalopathy. Moreover, several amino acid neurotransmitters, such as GABA, glutamate, and aspartate, are known to be present in these nuclei (DiChiara and Gessa, 1980;Cotman et al, 1981); and GABA has recently been suggested to play an important role in the pathogenesis of hepatic Values are means f SE.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Amino Acids Measured by Intracerebral Dialysis in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Tossman¹,

Eriksson²,

Delin³

et al. 1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Changes in brain amino acid uptake and metabolism have been proposed as a possible etiological factor in hepatic encephalopathy. By use of a brain dialysis technique (a thin tube implanted in the brain of the living animal), the extracellular amino acid concentrations in the striatum of portacaval (PC)-shunted and sham-operated rats were measured. Leucine, phenylalanine, methionine, and glutamine were increased two- to sixfold in the PC-shunted rats, whilst no changes were seen for GABA, valine, glutamate, or isoleucine, confirming previous reports. Aspartate levels were 350% higher in the PC-shunted rats, and this rise, as well as that of phenylalanine, was significantly correlated with the lower motor activity observed in the PC-shunted rats, suggesting a possible importance of these amino acids in the etiology of hepatic encephalopathy. The amino acid concentrations measured in whole blood demonstrated the well-known pattern of low levels of branched-chain amino acids and increased concentrations of phenylalanine, glutamine, and histidine.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brain Amino Acids Measured by Intracerebral Dialysis in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Tossman¹,

Eriksson²,

Delin³

et al. 1983

Journal of Neurochemistry

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The basal ganglia (adjacent areas in the brain having a high doparnine content) have recently been investigated extensively, since these structures play a role in facilitating cortically-initiated movement as well as controlling unintended movements under normal conditions. In addition to their involvement in motor function, the basal ganglia also integrate aspects of attention, wakefulness, and sensory processing, all of which are affected in PSE (92). An increase in the levels of the dopamine metabolites homovanillic acid (HVA) and 3-methoxytyramine (3-MT) have been reported in several regions from autopsied brain tissue from cirrhotic patients who died in hepatic coma (78).…”

Section: Neuroactive Tryptophan Metabolites Serotonin (5-hydroxytrypmentioning

confidence: 98%

Current Theories on the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Mousseau

Butterworth

1994

Experimental Biology and Medicine

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Hepatic encephalopathy (HE) is a serious neuropsychiatric complication of both acute and chronic liver disease. Several hypotheses have emerged following the development of appropriate animal models of HE and following studies using postmortem brain tissue from HE patients. It was originally suggested that primary energy failure was responsible for HE; however, there is now mounting evidence that the pathogenetic defect involves neurotransmission failure. Specific neurotransmitter systems implicated in the pathogenesis of portal-systemic encephalopathy (PSE) include the excitatory amino acid glutamate as well as neuroactive and/or neurotoxic biogenic amine metabolites. Although it has been proposed that alterations in the gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) system may play a pathogenic role in HE associated with both chronic and acute liver failure, there is now overwhelming evidence to the contrary. On the other hand, there is evidence to suggest that a subgroup of patients with HE have increased blood and CSF concentrations of substances that bind to GABA-related benzodiazepine receptors in brain. Alterations of both the glutamatergic and serotoninergic neurotransmitter systems in PSE likely result from the metabolic consequences of chronic exposure of brain to toxic levels of ammonia. In addition to its effects on glutamatergic and serotoninergic systems during chronic liver disease, ammonia has been intimately associated with the brain edema invariably observed in acute liver failure. It is evident that, regardless of the type of liver failure, effective reductions of ammonia levels remains the strategy of choice in the prevention of encephalopathy. The further elucidation of neurotransmitter alterations in HE could result in novel "downstream" neuropharmacologic approaches to its prevention and treatment.

show abstract

Effect of protein malnutrition on the neurobehavioural toxicity of styrene in young rats

Khanna

Husain

Seth

1994

J of Applied Toxicology

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Neurotoxic effects of styrene on certain biochemical and behavioural indices were studied in young rats kept deficient in protein during the weaning period. Young rats fed a low-protein diet showed a significant decrease in the level of dopamine and an increase in frontocortical [3H]serotonin binding in comparison to the group of rats fed a normal protein diet. These rats also showed a significant increase in foot shock-induced aggressive behaviour, while no changes in amphetamine-induced locomotor activity, levels of norepinephrine and serotonin and binding of [3H]spiperone to striatal membrane were observed. On exposure to styrene, rats fed a normal protein diet showed a decrease in dopamine level and an increase in foot shock-induced aggressive behaviour only, with no significant change in other parameters, in comparison to the respective controls. It was, however, interesting to note that when rats fed a low-protein diet were exposed to styrene they showed a significant decrease in the levels of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin and an increase in the binding of [3H]spiperone and [3H]5-HT to striatal and frontocortical membranes, respectively. A significant increase in foot shock-induced aggressive behaviour and amphetamine-induced locomotor activity was also observed in this group of animals in comparison to those fed a low-protein diet. The biochemical and behavioural data indicate that protein deficiency makes young animals more vulnerable and it is an important predisposing factor in the neurobehavioural toxicity of styrene.

show abstract

Catecholamines in Behavior and Sensorimotor Integration: The Neostriatal System

Cited by 8 publications

References 158 publications

Brain Amino Acids Measured by Intracerebral Dialysis in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Brain Amino Acids Measured by Intracerebral Dialysis in Portacaval Shunted Rats

Current Theories on the Pathogenesis of Hepatic Encephalopathy

Effect of protein malnutrition on the neurobehavioural toxicity of styrene in young rats

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About