“…The introduction of protoalgebraic π-institutions was a culmination of a long-term project undertaken by the author with the goal of adapting general definitions, methods, and results widely applied to the theory of algebraizability of deductive systems to π-institutions. The first phase of this project, more syntactic in nature and influenced mainly by the works of Blok and Pigozzi ( [2], [4]), appeared in [26] (see also [27], [28], [29]). A second phase, with a model-theoretic flavor, based on the introduction of a categorical Tarski operator and heavily influenced by the work of Font and Jansana and other members of the Barcelona algebraic logic group (see [13] for an overview and an extensive bibliography), led to the series of papers [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [30], [31], which are precursors to the current work.…”