Categorization of tars from fast pyrolysis of pure lignocellulosic compounds at high temperature

Trubetskaya, Anna; Souihi, Nabil; Umeki, Kentaro

doi:10.1016/j.renene.2019.04.033

Cited by 33 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 64 publications

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“…The charcoal yield of wood and herbaceous biomass decreases to less than 4% on dry ash free basis at temperatures above 1000 • C [173,174], whereas the formation of soot increases at temperatures larger than 900 • C with a maximum yield between 1100 to 1250 • C [97,175]. Biomass with a high lignin content will form larger soot yields compared to biomass which is enriched in cellulose or xylan content [171,176], in which the soot and tar formation is reduced by high concentrations of alkali metals. At temperatures larger than 1000 • C, beechwood and straw samples retained their original structure, while low ash pinewood underwent a morphological transformation with a highly molten surface [100].…”

Section: Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, bio-oil can be used in the ferroalloy industry as a binder for carbon briquettes, pellets and agglomerates [63,150,180] or as feedstock for electrode material [181]. The large fractions of small aromatics (e.g., benzene and toluene) and phenols which are found mostly in lignin bio-oil are beneficial for the use as a binder [176]. However, both process chains would require an additional post-treatment of the collected bio-oil samples.…”

Section: Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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This paper provides a fundamental and critical review of biomass application as renewable reductant in integrated ferroalloy reduction process. The basis for the review is based on the current process and product quality requirement that bio-based reductants must fulfill. The characteristics of different feedstocks and suitable pre-treatment and post-treatment technologies for their upgrading are evaluated. The existing literature concerning biomass application in ferroalloy industries is reviewed to fill out the research gaps related to charcoal properties provided by current production technologies and the integration of renewable reductants in the existing industrial infrastructure. This review also provides insights and recommendations to the unresolved challenges related to the charcoal process economics. Several possibilities to integrate the production of bio-based reductants with bio-refineries to lower the cost and increase the total efficiency are given. A comparison of challenges related to energy efficient charcoal production and formation of emissions in classical kiln technologies are discussed to underline the potential of bio-based reductant usage in ferroalloy reduction process.

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Section: Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Fast Pyrolysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

2020

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“…To reduce the FTIR data redundancy and get proper analytical information from overlapped FTIR spectra, multivariate analysis (principal component analysis, PCA) and multivariate calibration have been used [11,14]. The PCA technique is used for the identification of a smaller number of uncorrelated variables, known as principal components (PCs), from a larger set of data that help to emphasize variation in the dataset.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The PCA technique is used for the identification of a smaller number of uncorrelated variables, known as principal components (PCs), from a larger set of data that help to emphasize variation in the dataset. Trubetskaya et al, 2019 [14] investigated the yields of different tar compounds from lignocellulosic compounds based on the change in temperature and residence time. It was shown that orthogonal projections to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) model based on the experimental mass spectrometry data can explain the differences in tar composition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multivariate analysis for FTIR in understanding treatment of used cooking oil using activated carbon prepared from olive stone

Alshuiael

Al-Ghouti

2020

PLoS ONE

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In this study, activated carbons prepared from the green and black olive stone (green OSAC and black OSAC) were used as adsorbents to investigate their removal efficiencies for oxidation products and polar compounds from used sunflower and corn cooking oils. The degree of oxidation level and polar compounds were evaluated using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) with the principal component analysis and ultra-performance liquid chromatography. Two FTIR absorption peaks were used for the oil evaluation, namely 3007-3009 cm-1 , which is related to C-H symmetric stretching vibration of the cis double bonds, and 1743 cm-1 , which is related to = CH and ester carbonyl stretching vibration of the functional groups of the triglycerides, C = O. The principal component analysis results showed significant variations in the oxidation level of the sunflower and the corn oils occurred after consecutive heating and French fries frying for 10 days. The oxidation products that are adsorbed on the surface of the OSAC forms π-complexes with the C = C parts of the OSAC system. It can be concluded that the prepared adsorbents can be promising, efficient, economically effective, and environmentally friendly alternative adsorbents for oil treatment applications.

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“…In fact, it has been proved in the literature that high temperatures (bed temperatures) produce a reduction in tar content [63,64] mainly owing to the fact that thermal cracking and reforming reactions become more favoured. Wolfesberger et al [65], among others, found decreasing amounts of tar at higher temperatures during the gasification of biomass in a 100 kW steam-blown dual fluidisedbed gasifier pilot plant.…”

Section: Partial Least Square Regression For Collected Tarmentioning

confidence: 99%

Principal component analysis and partial least square regression models to understand sorption-enhanced biomass gasification

Callén

Martínez

Grasa

et al. 2022

Biomass Conv. Bioref.

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Gasification represents a potential technology for the conversion of biomass into usable energy. The influence of the main gasification parameters, i.e. the type of biomass used and its composition, as well as the composition of the outlet gas, were studied by a multivariate statistical analysis based on principal component analysis (PCA) and partial least square (PLS) regression models in order to identify the main correlations between them and to the contents of methane, ethylene and tar in the outlet gas. In this work, the experimental data used as input for the multivariate statistical analysis came from a TRL-4 gasification plant running under sorption enhanced conditions, i.e. using steam as the gasifying agent and CaO as the bed material. The composition of the biomass feed played an important role in the quality of the outlet gas composition. In fact, biomasses with high ash and sulphur contents (municipal solid waste) increased ethylene content, while those with high-volatile matter content and fixed C content (wood pellets, straw pellets and grape seeds) mainly increased CO and CO2 formation. By increasing the gasification bed temperature and the CaO/C ratio, it was possible to reduce the methane and the collected tar contents in the outlet gas. Other light hydrocarbons could also be reduced by controlling the Treactor and TFB. Methane, ethylene and tar contents were modelled, cross-validated and tested with a new set of samples by PLS obtaining results with an average overall error between 8 and 26%. The statistically significant variables to predict methane and ethylene content were positively associated to the thermal input and negatively to the CaO/C ratio. The biomass composition was also remarkable for both variables, as mentioned in the PCA analysis. As far as the tar content, which is undesirable in all gasification processes, the decrease in the tar content was favoured by high bed temperature, low thermal input and biomass with high-volatile matter content. In order to produce an outlet gas with adequate quality (e.g. low tar content), a compromise should be found to balance average bed temperature, sorbent-to-mass ratio, and ultimate and proximate analyses of the biomass feed. Graphical abstract

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Categorization of tars from fast pyrolysis of pure lignocellulosic compounds at high temperature

Cited by 33 publications

References 64 publications

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Charcoal as an Alternative Reductant in Ferroalloy Production: A Review

Multivariate analysis for FTIR in understanding treatment of used cooking oil using activated carbon prepared from olive stone

Principal component analysis and partial least square regression models to understand sorption-enhanced biomass gasification

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