Cathepsin B in gingival crevicular fluid of adult periodontitis patients: Identification by immunological and enzymological methods

Ichimaru, Eiji; Tanoue, Masahiro; Tani, Masahiko; Tani, Yuji; Kaneko, Takashi; Iwasaki, Yoshihiro; Kunimatsu, Kazushi; Kato, Ihachi

doi:10.1007/bf02280991

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…68 Ichimaru et al concluded that cathepsin B may be correlated with the severity of periodontitis. 69 Further investigators have shown positive correlations between cathepin B levels and the severity of periodontal disease, while noting a reduction of cathepsin B levels after periodontal intervention therapies were provided. 70,71 Eley and Cox studied cathepsin B and evaluated its use as a predictor of attachment loss.…”

Section: Cathepsin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid–Based Biomarkers of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis

Kinney

Ramseier

Giannobile

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

184

171

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: Periodontal disease is a bacteria‐induced chronic inflammatory disease affecting the soft and hard supporting structures encompassing the teeth. When left untreated, the ultimate outcome is alveolar bone loss and exfoliation of the involved teeth. Traditional periodontal diagnostic methods include assessment of clinical parameters and radiographs. Though efficient, these conventional techniques are inherently limited in that only a historical perspective, not current appraisal, of disease status can be determined. Advances in the use of oral fluids as possible biological samples for objective measures of current disease state, treatment monitoring, and prognostic indicators have boosted saliva and other oral‐based fluids to the forefront of technology. Oral fluids contain locally and systemically derived mediators of periodontal disease, including microbial, host‐response, and bone‐specific resorptive markers. Although most biomarkers in oral fluids represent inflammatory mediators, several specific collagen degradation and bone turnover‐related molecules have emerged as possible measures of periodontal disease activity. Pyridinoline cross‐linked carboxyterminal telopeptide (ICTP), for example, has been highly correlated with clinical features of the disease and decreases in response to intervention therapies, and has been shown to possess predictive properties for possible future disease activity. One foreseeable benefit of an oral fluid–based periodontal diagnostic would be identification of highly susceptible individuals prior to overt disease. Timely detection and diagnosis of disease may significantly affect the clinical management of periodontal patients by offering earlier, less invasive, and more cost‐effective treatment therapies.

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Section: Cathepsin Bmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Fluid–Based Biomarkers of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis

Kinney

Ramseier

Giannobile

2007

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences

184

171

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“…This finding holds promise for Aim 1. Others have also concluded that cathepsin B may be correlated with the severity of periodontitis (65).…”

Section: Potential Diagnostic Markers In Gingival Crevice Fluidmentioning

confidence: 99%

Host‐derived diagnostic markers for periodontitis: do they exist in gingival crevice fluid?

Loos¹,

Tjoa²

2005

Periodontology 2000

129

112

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“…The investigation of enzyme activities within the gingival crevicular fluid at discrete periodontitis sites has revealed the presence of high levels of proteolytic activity (134). More detailed studies of this fluid using immunostaining, various synthetic substrates, specific proteinase inhibitors and activators indicated a mixture of host enzymes, including neutrophil serine (elastase and cathepsin G) (181,229,348) and metalloproteinases (gelatinase and collagenase) (148,265,340,357), mast cell tryptase (76,166), dipeptidyl-peptidase (51), plasminogen activators (170,171), and the lysosomal cysteine proteinases, cathepsin B, L and H (76,143,180). Significantly, the activity of both neutrophil elastase and metalloproteinases, especially collagenase, has been shown to correlate with periodontal tissue destruction in vivo (77,98,127,155,196,357,380).…”

Section: Destruction Of Gingivamentioning

confidence: 99%

Role of bacterial proteinases in matrix destruction and modulation of host responses

Potempa

Bańbuła²,

Travis³

2000

Periodontology 2000

331

311

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Recently accumulated large bodies of evidence have strongly implicated proteolytic enzymes released by subgingival plaque bacteria in the pathogenicity of periodontal disease. With regard to proteolytic power, however, the contribution from different microbial species considered as periodontal pathogens is not equal. Two of these bacteria, P. gingivalis and T. denticola, have developed an elaborate proteolytic systems composed of several surface-located or secreted enzymes, which apparently serve a role to provide bacteria with nutrients in the form of small peptides and amino acids. Of these two species, proteinases of P. gingivalis are the most intensively studied, and during the last decade an impressive array of information has been accumulated with respect to the biochemical characterization of purified proteinases and structure of the genes encoding them, the regulation of expression and the effects of these enzymes on host systems. In addition, studies on proteinase-deficient isogenic mutants has shed light on both their housekeeping functions and potential role(s) in the pathogenicity of periodontitis. Among several proteinases produced by P. gingivalis, the cysteine proteinases, referred to as gingipains, are clearly in the spotlight. They are the subject of several recent reviews and generally considered as the major virulence factors of this periodontal pathogen (59, 105, 139, 182, 183, 186, 281, 284, 286, 289). Gingipains seem to be key players in subverting host defense systems with, significantly, the complement and neutrophils being the main target. In addition, through uncontrolled activation of kallikrein/kinin pathway and coagulation cascade they contribute to local generation of bradykinin and thrombin, two synergistically working pro-inflammatory reagents with a strongly, although indirectly, stimulatory effect on bone resorption. Furthermore, the ability to interact with the cytokine networking systems has the potential to dysregulate the local inflammatory reaction. Finally, gingipains have a strong effect on mechanisms controlling host matrix metalloproteinase activity at the level of gene expression and zymogen activation (Fig. 10). Collectively, at the periodontal lesion site, the non-restrained action of gingipains, supported by other proteinases locally produced by subgingival plaque bacteria, would dysregulate most mechanisms controlling inflammatory reaction. Although successful in limiting infection to the periodontium, the ultimate effect of uncontrolled inflammatory processes would be the destruction of periodontal connective tissue, certainly the hallmark of periodontitis.

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Cathepsin B in gingival crevicular fluid of adult periodontitis patients: Identification by immunological and enzymological methods

Cited by 17 publications

References 28 publications

Oral Fluid–Based Biomarkers of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis

Oral Fluid–Based Biomarkers of Alveolar Bone Loss in Periodontitis

Host‐derived diagnostic markers for periodontitis: do they exist in gingival crevice fluid?

Role of bacterial proteinases in matrix destruction and modulation of host responses

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