Chow et al (1) report that significant financial resources are spent on surgical AF ablation in Canada with unclear long-term benefits and "scientifically rigorous" data regarding reduction in mortality and stroke risks. The authors call for large prospective studies examining clinically important outcomes to justify the routine use of concomitant surgical AF ablation (SA) and to guide allocation of healthcare funds. Based on their analysis, they assert that concomitant surgical AF ablation during cardiac surgery should be reconsidered. To better put these findings into context, it is important to examine the assumptions made and data utilized to assess both cost and benefit.