Cathodes of spent Li-ion batteries: Dissolution with phosphoric acid and recovery of lithium and cobalt from leach liquors

Pinna, Eliana Guadalupe; Ruiz, M.C.; Ojeda, M.W.; Rodríguez, M. H.

doi:10.1016/j.hydromet.2016.10.024

Cited by 228 publications

(90 citation statements)

References 18 publications

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“…where X is the conversion; m0 is the initial mass of LiCoO2, and mr is the mass of LiCoO2 unreacted after the reaction [17,34]. Each experiment was replicated three times.…”

Section: Leaching Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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Lithium (Li) is considered a strategic element whose use has significantly expanded. Its current high demand is due to its use in lithium ion batteries for portable electronic devices, whose manufacture and market are extensively growing every day. These days there is a great concern about the final disposal of these batteries. Therefore, the possibility of developing new methodologies to recycle their components is of great importance, both commercially and environmentally. This paper presents results regarding important operational variables for the dissolution of the lithium and cobalt mixed-oxide (LiCoO 2 ) cathodes from spent lithium ion batteries (LIBs) with hydrofluoric acid. The recovery and synthesis of Co and Li compounds were also investigated. The dissolution parameters studied were: temperature, reaction time, solid-liquid ratio, stirring speed, and concentration of HF. The investigated recovery parameters included: pH, temperature, and time with and without stirring. The final precipitation of lithium fluoride was also examined. The results indicate that an increase in the HF concentration, temperature, and reaction time favors the leaching reaction of the LiCoO 2 . Dissolutions were close to 60%, at 75 • C and 120 min with a HF concentration of 25% (v/v). The recovery of Co and Li were 98% and 80%, respectively, with purities higher than 94%. Co and Li compounds, such as Co 3 O 4 and LiF, were synthesized. Furthermore, it was possible to almost completely eliminate the F − ions as CaF 2 .

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“…where X is the conversion; m0 is the initial mass of LiCoO2, and mr is the mass of LiCoO2 unreacted after the reaction [17,34]. Each experiment was replicated three times.…”

Section: Leaching Assaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis of Lithium Fluoride from Spent Lithium Ion Batteries

et al. 2017

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“…Several studies deal with the extraction of metals (mainly Li and Co) from disposed LIBs using different extractant agents such as inorganic acids (H 2 SO 4 , HCl, HNO 3 or H 3 PO 4 ) and (as an alternative with lower negative impact on the environment) organic acids (succinic acid, maleic acid, citric acid, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA), ascorbic acid, tartaric acid or acetic acid).…”

Section: A New Challenge For Edr: Lithium Ion Battery Recyclingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrodialytic processes in solid matrices. New insights into battery recycling. A review

Villén-Guzmán

Arhoun

Vereda‐Alonso

et al. 2019

J of Chemical Tech & Biotech

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Electrodialytic remediation has been widely applied to the recovery of different contaminants from numerous solid matrices, solving emerging issues of environmental concern. Results and conclusions reported in studies about real contaminated matrices are summarized in this work. The influence of pH value on the treatment effectiveness has been widely proved, highlighting the phenomenon of ‘water splitting’ in the membrane surface. This dissociation of water molecules is related to the ‘limiting current’ which it is desirable to exceed at the anion exchange membrane in order to produce the entering of protons toward the solid matrix. Other important parameters for the optimization of the technique, such as the current density and the liquid/solid ratio, are also discussed through the revision of studies using real solid matrices. This work also focuses on the pioneer proposal of electrokinetic technologies for the recycling of lithium ion batteries, considering the relevance of waste properties in the design and optimization of the technique. From a thorough literature revision, it could be concluded that further experimental results are needed to allow an optimal application of the technique to the rising problem of residues from batteries. The main aim of this work is to take the first steps in the recovery of valuable metals such as Li and Co from spent batteries, incorporating principles of green chemistry. © 2019 Society of Chemical Industry

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“…here, x is the fraction of metals leached in time t (minutes) and k c is the reaction rate constant (min À1 ). (6), the relation between the reaction rate constant mentioned in eqn (5) and the temperature can be explained, and the activation energy can be calculated by the following equation:…”

Section: Kinetics Of Leachingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It has been reported that valuable metals such as cobalt and lithium can be leached out from spent LIBs using mineral acids such as H 2 SO 4 , H 3 PO 4 , and HCl and various organic acids such as succinic acid, ascorbic acid, and citric acid in the presence of reducing agents such as hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ). [4][5][6][7]9,11,12,14 4 Chen et al used phosphoric acid and H 2 O 2 to research leaching kinetics, and it ts the logarithmic rate kinetics model of cobalt and lithium well. 6 Pagnanelli et al utilized sulfuric acid and glucose to extract 96% of cobalt and 86% of lithium from spent LIBs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%