Cationic gemini surfactants containing biphenyl spacer as shale swelling inhibitor

Ahmad, Hafiz Aziz; Murtaza, Mobeen; Kamal, Muhammad Shahzad; Hussain, Syed Muhammad Shakil; Mahmoud, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.molliq.2020.115164

Cited by 28 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 55 publications

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“…The lower CMC helps decrease IFT efficiently . Gemini surfactants have gained a lot of attention due to their outstanding properties and significant research has been conducted in the past decade. ,− However, most of these studies are related to the Gemini surfactants’ solution properties; their adsorption behavior on rock surfaces is relatively uncommon , and not well understood. Since Gemini surfactants possess interesting properties in comparison with the conventional monomeric types, their adsorption behavior on rock surfaces is an interesting area of research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

et al. 2022

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The need to reduce surfactant adsorption on rock surfaces has been a difficult task in chemical enhanced oil recovery, as it directly impacts the economics of the project. This requires a comprehensive insight into the adsorption mechanism on rocks. The adsorption mechanism of an in-house cationic gemini surfactant on different rocks has been studied in this work. The novel surfactant is compatible with high temperature and high salinity environments. All experiments were conducted at room temperature and in deionized water. Adsorption in sandstone rocks was found to be significantly higher than that in carbonates because of the high density of negative charges. The differences in the quantity of the adsorbed surfactant can be explained by different layer structures. It is proposed that an interdigitated bilayer is formed on carbonate rocks, whereas a noninterdigitated bilayer is formed in sandstone rock samples. The maximum and minimum adsorption values were found to be around 9 and 1 mg/g-rock in sandstone and carbonates, respectively. Scanning electron microscopy showed that the surface of sandstone rocks was rougher after the adsorption of the gemini surfactant, whereas no substantial variation in the morphology of carbonates was found. Similarly, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy showed the symmetric and asymmetric vibration of the CH2 groups in the post-adsorption analysis of sandstone but not in carbonates. Adsorption isotherm modeling was also conducted to investigate the adsorption mechanism of the gemini surfactant on different rocks. All rocks follow a Hill isotherm, showing that the adsorption process is cooperative. However, better curve fitting was obtained using a Redlich–Peterson isotherm in sandstone, whereas both the Langmuir and Redlich–Peterson isotherm performed better for carbonates. The experimental results confirm the formation of interdigitated and noninterdigitated bilayer of the employed surfactant, which explains its adsorption behavior in different rocks and how this adsorption follows different adsorption models in different rocks.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

et al. 2022

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“…A Fann filter press was used to determine the fluid loss in this study. The procedure of conducting a fluid loss test was mentioned in our previous publication . A Whatman filter paper no.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The procedure of conducting a fluid loss test was mentioned in our previous publication. 41 A Whatman filter paper no. 40 was inserted at the bottom of the filter cup assembly, followed by filling a filter cup with 350 ml of drilling mud to carry out the filtration experiment.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimum Selection of H₂S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids

et al. 2021

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During hydrocarbon drilling operations, the presence of hydrogen sulfide (H2S) gas could cause serious health and safety issues. Scavenging this gas and eliminating its impact are essential requirements for a safe drilling operation. This study investigated the impact of three H2S scavenger additives (copper nitrate, iron gluconate, and potassium permanganate) on water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs). The additives were tested on two actual field drilling mud samples that differ mainly in their weight. The scavengers’ impact on drilling muds was investigated by measuring their scavenging capacity and their effect on rheology, fluid loss, and pH. Potassium permanganate outperformed the other scavengers when added to the lighter (lower density) WBDF. However, it did not impact the scavenging capacity of the heavier mud system. Copper nitrate outperformed the other scavengers in the heavier drilling mud system. Also, the addition of copper nitrate in the lighter mud system increased its H2S-scavenging capacity greatly, while for iron gluconate, it did not perform very well. Overall, all the scavenger-containing drilling muds did not have any significant harmful impact on the plastic viscosity or the fluid loss properties of the drilling muds. Furthermore, all the tested drilling mud samples showed an excellent ability to clean wellbores and suspend drill cuttings evident by the high carrying capacity with the exception of iron gluconate or potassium permanganate with the heavy mud system.

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“…Because shale is generally rich in clay minerals, the mechanical properties of shale are significantly affected by water intrusion [19]. Liang et al [20,21] believe that surface hydration occurs on the particles of clay minerals; these minerals then exhibit hydration swelling, which generates a swelling stress. Lyu et al [22] and Minaeian et al [23] found that the strength, Young's modulus and brittleness index of shale gradually decrease with the increase in water content.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Shale Considering the Effect of Rock Structure and Hydration from Macroscopic and Microscopic Points of View

et al. 2022

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It is well known that the effect of shale hydration causes wellbore instability due to water phase invasion of drilling fluid to lamellar shale rich formations. This is because of that the mechanical properties (compressive strength, elastic modulus, etc.) of lamellar shale surrounding the borehole, which is rich in clay minerals, will decrease significantly after hydration. In this study, using the lamellar shale in the continental stratum of the southern Ordos Basin, the mechanical properties of lamellar shale were studied by compression tests considering the effect of lamellar structure and hydration from a macroscopic point of view. In addition, the mechanical mechanism was discussed combined with the CT scanning tests results from a microscopic point of view. The results demonstrate the following points. Lamellar shale has stronger anisotropy than bedding shale, the compressive strength (deviatoric stress) and elastic modulus of lamellar shale are both lower than those of bedding shale, and it is more prone to tension fracture. With the increase in the angle (β) between the lamina and the axial direction from 0° to 90°, the compressive strength of lamellar shale decreases when β < 30° and then increases, the elastic modulus of lamellar shale decreases greatly when β < 30° and then tends to flatten. With the increase in hydration time, the compressive strength and elastic modulus of lamellar shale both gradually decrease, and the rates of their decrements reduce. The mechanical properties of lamellar shale are more affected by hydration than those of bedding shale. The hydration of lamellar shale leads to the formation of new fractures and the expansion of existing fractures in the junction area between the laminae and rock matrix, resulting in easy tension fracture along the laminae of shale.

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Cationic gemini surfactants containing biphenyl spacer as shale swelling inhibitor

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

Optimum Selection of H₂S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Shale Considering the Effect of Rock Structure and Hydration from Macroscopic and Microscopic Points of View

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Cationic gemini surfactants containing biphenyl spacer as shale swelling inhibitor

Cited by 28 publications

References 55 publications

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

Adsorption Mechanisms of a Novel Cationic Gemini Surfactant onto Different Rocks

Optimum Selection of H2S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids

Mechanical Properties of Lamellar Shale Considering the Effect of Rock Structure and Hydration from Macroscopic and Microscopic Points of View

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Product

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Optimum Selection of H₂S Scavenger in Light-Weight and Heavy-Weight Water-Based Drilling Fluids