Causality and gastrointestinal infections: Koch, Hill, and Crohn's

Lowe, Anne-Marie; Yansouni, Cédric P.; Behr, Marcel A.

doi:10.1016/s1473-3099(08)70257-3

Cited by 38 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 71 publications

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“…For this assessment, higher number of conditions fulfilled indicated stronger associations. Hill's criteria of causation and Koch's postulates complement each other and are commonly used to determine strength of associations and causality [8]. Hill's criteria of causation include six questions on biological plausibility, dose-response (natural vs. interventional), strength and specificity of the association, consistency of the results across different research groups, and temporality.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Hill's criteria of causation include six questions on biological plausibility, dose-response (natural vs. interventional), strength and specificity of the association, consistency of the results across different research groups, and temporality. Hill's criteria have been developed for epidemiological studies [8], [9]. Hill's criteria regarding biological plausibility and specificity are considered to be of less importance when establishing causality [9] and, therefore, information on these criteria were not extracted.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Causal Inference Regarding Infectious Aetiology of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Orrskog¹,

Medin

Tsolova

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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BackgroundThe global burden of disease has shifted from communicable diseases in children to chronic diseases in adults. This epidemiologic shift varies greatly by region, but in Europe, chronic conditions account for 86% of all deaths, 77% of the disease burden, and up to 80% of health care expenditures. A number of risk factors have been implicated in chronic diseases, such as exposure to infectious agents. A number of associations have been well established while others remain uncertain.Methods and FindingsWe assessed the body of evidence regarding the infectious aetiology of chronic diseases in the peer-reviewed literature over the last decade. Causality was assessed with three different criteria: First, the total number of associations documented in the literature between each infectious agent and chronic condition; second, the epidemiologic study design (quality of the study); third, evidence for the number of Hill's criteria and Koch's postulates that linked the pathogen with the chronic condition.We identified 3136 publications, of which 148 were included in the analysis. There were a total of 75 different infectious agents and 122 chronic conditions. The evidence was strong for five pathogens, based on study type, strength and number of associations; they accounted for 60% of the associations documented in the literature. They were human immunodeficiency virus, hepatitis C virus, Helicobacter pylori, hepatitis B virus, and Chlamydia pneumoniae and were collectively implicated in the aetiology of 37 different chronic conditions. Other pathogens examined were only associated with very few chronic conditions (≤3) and when applying the three different criteria of evidence the strength of the causality was weak.ConclusionsPrevention and treatment of these five pathogens lend themselves as effective public health intervention entry points. By concentrating research efforts on these promising areas, the human, economic, and societal burden arising from chronic conditions can be reduced.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Causal Inference Regarding Infectious Aetiology of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Orrskog¹,

Medin

Tsolova

et al. 2013

PLoS ONE

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“…Moreover, these toxins are heath stable and as Streptomyces hyphae are spreading deeply into the tuber (Loria et al, 2003), it is likely that these toxins can be found in cooked potato, particularly in products such as potato chips which are frequently presenting black spots relevant of Streptomyces infections (Myers et al, 2002;Knip et al, 2010). This is of potential importance as Streptomyces toxins, including thaxtomin A, nigericin, geldanamycin, tuncamycin and bafilomycin are suspected to be involved in acute forms of Type I diabetes (Myers et al, 2001;Myers et al, 2003;Bodin et al, 2015) and in chronic intestinal bowel diseases, including Crohn disease (Lowe et al, 2008).…”

Section: Issn: 2319-7706 Volume 6 Number 5 (2017) Pp 1662-1676mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of Streptomyces Common Scab Toxins Diffusion in Potato Tubers and through the Intestinal Barrier

Leclerc¹,

Zébré²,

Enault³

et al. 2017

Int.J.Curr.Microbiol.App.Sci

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“…Como factores predisponentes en pacientes con EC se han documentado defi ciencias en mecanismos de defensa antibacterianos, polimorfi smos genéticos asociados a trastornos en los procesos de autofagia, la activación de componentes de autoinmunidad y la pérdida de integridad de la barrera epitelial [19][20][21][22] .…”

Section: La Enfermedad En Los Humanosunclassified

“…Un factor que hace compleja la asociación causal con tales microorganismos, es la signifi cativa modifi cación que presenta la microbiota comensal intestinal de pacientes con EC respecto de personas sanas, situación que puede contribuir a la severidad de la enfermedad y determinar el éxito del tratamiento 20,[23][24][25][26] .…”

Section: La Enfermedad En Los Humanosunclassified

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis y enfermedad de Crohn: evidencias de una zoonosis

et al. 2011

Rev. méd. Chile

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L a paratuberculosis bovina, también conocida como enfermedad de Johne, es una patología causada por la bacteria Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis (MAP), que se caracteriza por una lesión intestinal crónica de carácter proliferativa 1 . Debido a las similitudes fi siopatológicas entre la infección de los bovinos y la enfermedad de Crohn (EC) en el humano, una asociación causal del MAP con ambas patologías ha sido sugerida desde hace algunos años, lo que ha generado controversia en la comunidad científi ca relacionada a la transmisión inter-especies 1,2 . En este trabajo se revisan exhaustivamente los hallazgos más representativos y recientes que dan cuenta de esta controversia, y se describen brevemente los antecedentes en Chile que explican la necesidad de realizar estudios en este ámbito. El agenteMAP es un patógeno intracelular facultativo, Gram positivo, ácido alcohol resistente, aerobio y cuya temperatura óptima de crecimiento es 37ºC. Con un tiempo de generación mayor a 20 h, es una bacteria de crecimiento lento que requiere varias semanas de incubación antes que sus colonias sean detectables en los medios de cultivo 1,3,4 . Como las bacterias del género Mycobacterium, MAP posee un genoma rico en nucleótidos G+C y su pared celular tiene un alto contenido de ácidos micólicos. Como característica especie-específi ca destacan su dependencia del sideróforo micobactina para el crecimiento in vitro y la presencia del segmento de inserción IS900 en su genoma, que se ha utilizado para la detección específi ca de este patógeno 1,5 .MAP es capaz de infectar una amplia variedad

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Causality and gastrointestinal infections: Koch, Hill, and Crohn's

Cited by 38 publications

References 71 publications

Causal Inference Regarding Infectious Aetiology of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Causal Inference Regarding Infectious Aetiology of Chronic Conditions: A Systematic Review

Evaluation of Streptomyces Common Scab Toxins Diffusion in Potato Tubers and through the Intestinal Barrier

Mycobacterium avium subsp paratuberculosis y enfermedad de Crohn: evidencias de una zoonosis

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