Causative or precipitating aspects of burning mouth syndrome: a case–control study

Abstract

The results of this study seem not to support a role for the usually reported causative or precipitating factors of BMS and efforts should be addressed towards different aetiologies including possible neuropathic mechanisms of BMS.

The Association of Openness Personality Trait with Stress-Related Salivary Biomarkers in Burning Mouth Syndrome

“…All patients underwent diagnostic blood tests (i.e. a complete blood cell count, levels of glucose, iron, transferrin, vitamin B 12 , folic acid, antinuclear antibodies, anti-SSA/RO and anti-SSB/LA) [4,16,23]. The clinical oral examination was performed by 2 independent examiners to confirm the absence of oral lesions.…”

“…In this context, it has been proposed that psychiatric disorders could explain the occurrence of BMS [15,16,17,18,19,20]. Several studies have reported elevated psychiatric morbidity in BMS, mainly depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis [15,16,17,21].…”

“…Several studies have reported elevated psychiatric morbidity in BMS, mainly depression, anxiety and hypochondriasis [15,16,17,21]. Depression is the most prevalent psychiatric disorder in patients with BMS [15,16,17,20]. Furthermore, personality traits such as neuroticism, extraversion, openness and conscientiousness seem to differentiate BMS patients from controls [17].…”

Evaluating the Etiologies of Burning Mouth Symptom in Patients of Shiraz Dental School from 2007 to 2015

“…Local erythema is observed in patients with ill-fitting dentures, but there is no support on the fact that mechanical trauma causes BMS (21). Oral parafunctional habits such as bruxism are chiefly associated with anxiety; but to this point of time, there are no studies that support the fact that these habits can cause BMS (22). Only 2% of the studied population had burning pain that was due to oral dryness as a result of a local complication in the salivary glands and 4.4% due to xerostomia as a result of a systemic diseases.…”

Acupuncture in the treatment of burning mouth syndrome

“…Another factor is associated to deleterious habits such as clenching, bruxism, tongue thrusting, lip biting, compulsive movements of the tongue, and continuous prostheses friction. [27] BMS holders have more nonspecific complaints of health and more severe symptoms of menopause compared to healthy subjects. [21] The estrogen replacement therapy may not relieve symptoms of pain or burning, leading the authors to conclude that estrogen deficiency has no direct effect on the oral symptoms.…”