Causes and Five-Year Incidence of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Urban Southern China: The Liwan Eye Study

Wang, Lanhua; Huang, Wenyong; He, Ming; Zheng, Yingfeng; Huang, Shengsong; Liu, Bin; Jin, Ling; Congdon, Nathan; He, Mingguang

doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11911

Cited by 24 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 19 publications

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“…When compared with studies conducted in China, the Beijing Eye Study only reported incidence of best‐corrected VI (1.7%) . The Liwan Eye Study, which is also based on an urban Southern Chinese population, reported a higher incidence of PVI compared with our study (WHO criteria, 12.4% vs 8.33%; US criteria, 20.6% vs 12.2%) . This could largely be attributed to that participants in the Liwan Eye study were relatively older (mean age: 63.4 years old), as the age‐specific VI incidence using the US criteria for participants aged 50‐59 and 60‐69 in our study (8.5% and 20.1%, respectively) were higher than the corresponding figures in Liwan (2.5% and 6.0%, respectively).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

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Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China

Han

Liao

Liu³

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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Importance Data on the incidence of presenting vision impairment (PVI) and spectacle coverage rate (SCR) in urban China is limited. Background To estimate the 6‐year incidence and risk factors for PVI and the SCR in urban Southern China. Design Population‐based cohort study. Participants A total of 1817 participants aged ≥35 years were identified from Guangzhou in 2008 at baseline and 1427 attended follow‐up examination in 2014. Methods Presenting visual acuity (PVA) was measured using the ETDRS chart with habitual spectacles. Participants with PVA ≤20/40 underwent subjective refraction at the follow‐up visit. Incidence of PVI was calculated using the WHO and US criteria, respectively. The met‐need SCR was defined as the percentage of participants with PVA <20/40 that had been improved to ≥20/40 after correction. Main Outcome Measures Incidence of PVI and SCR. Results Incidence of PVI was 8.3% (95%CI, 6.9‐9.8) and 12.2% (95%CI, 10.5‐14.0) based on the WHO and US definition, respectively. Older age, female, lower education level, more myopic spherical equivalent and worse PVA at baseline were significantly related to a higher PVI incidence based on the WHO criteria, with similar associations identified using the US criteria except for gender. The overall met‐need SCR was 42.5%, and was lower among the elderly, more hyperopic participants or participants with lower education level. Conclusions and Relevance The incidence of PVI is high in urban Southern China and spectacle wearing is available in less than half of those in need. This highlights the needs to promote spectacle coverage even in the urban population.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 69%

“…Given refractive error is the main cause of VI globally, appropriate spectacle correction is the most effective way to address this burden . Previous studies investigating the spectacle coverage rate (SCR) in China reported varying rates ranging from 44.1% to 71.2% .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China

Han

Liao

Liu³

et al. 2018

Clinical Exper Ophthalmology

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“…The annual incidence rate (persons per 1000 per year) for the majority of studies (eight) was between 0.2 and 0.9 (US classifications) and 0.1 and 0.5 (WHO classifications). 8–10,23,25–28 Only two studies were higher, at 1.1 (US) and 2.1 (WHO) for the Barbados Eye Study 24 and 1.2 (US) and 2.4 (WHO) for the Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort Study, respectively.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 96%

Six-Year Incidence of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Kenya: The Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort Study

Bastawrous

Mathenge²,

Wing

et al. 2016

Invest. Ophthalmol. Vis. Sci.

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PurposeTo describe the cumulative 6-year incidence of visual impairment (VI) and blindness in an adult Kenyan population. The Nakuru Posterior Segment Eye Disease Study is a population-based sample of 4414 participants aged ≥50 years, enrolled in 2007–2008. Of these, 2170 (50%) were reexamined in 2013–2014.MethodsThe World Health Organization (WHO) and US definitions were used to calculate presenting visual acuity classifications based on logMAR visual acuity tests at baseline and follow-up. Detailed ophthalmic and anthropometric examinations as well as a questionnaire, which included past medical and ophthalmic history, were used to assess risk factors for study participation and vision loss. Cumulative incidence of VI and blindness, and factors associated with these outcomes, were estimated. Inverse probability weighting was used to adjust for nonparticipation.ResultsVisual acuity measurements were available for 2164 (99.7%) participants. Using WHO definitions, the 6-year cumulative incidence of VI was 11.9% (95%CI [confidence interval]: 10.3–13.8%) and blindness was 1.51% (95%CI: 1.0–2.2%); using the US classification, the cumulative incidence of blindness was 2.70% (95%CI: 1.8–3.2%). Incidence of VI increased strongly with older age, and independently with being diabetic. There are an estimated 21 new cases of VI per year in people aged ≥50 years per 1000 people, of whom 3 are blind. Therefore in Kenya we estimate that there are 92,000 new cases of VI in people aged ≥50 years per year, of whom 11,600 are blind, out of a total population of approximately 4.3 million people aged 50 and above.ConclusionsThe incidence of VI and blindness in this older Kenyan population was considerably higher than in comparable studies worldwide. A continued effort to strengthen the eye health system is necessary to support the growing unmet need in an aging and growing population.

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“…[1][2][3][4][5][6] Unlike many ocular diseases, refractive error can be easily corrected if there are no myopiarelated complications which affect the macula permanently, such as lacquer cracks, choroidal neovascularization or retinal detachment. Such complications tend to affect individuals with pathological myopia due to an excessively elongated globe.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Differences in Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Young Asian Males in Singapore between 1996–1997 and 2009–2010

Koh¹,

Yang²,

Saw³

et al. 2014

Ophthalmic Epidemiology

107

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Causes and Five-Year Incidence of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Urban Southern China: The Liwan Eye Study

Abstract: The incidence of VI in urban Southern China is high. The major causes are unoperated cataract and undercorrected refractive error, reflecting the need for better surgical and refractive care, even in this urban setting.

Cited by 24 publications

References 19 publications

Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China

Incidence and correction of vision impairment among elderly population in southern urban China

Six-Year Incidence of Blindness and Visual Impairment in Kenya: The Nakuru Eye Disease Cohort Study

Differences in Prevalence of Refractive Errors in Young Asian Males in Singapore between 1996–1997 and 2009–2010

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