Causes of high water losses from irrigated rice fields: field measurements and results from analogue and digital models

Walker, Scott

doi:10.1016/s0378-3774(98)00092-4

Cited by 14 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…Therefore, the remaining rate of 1.1 mm day −1 was assumed to be the PERC from the fields through the hardpan layer to the deep groundwater. It was reported that the rate of LSEEP is generally higher than the vertical percolation rate 24, 25. Such a low PERC rate seemed to be small compared with typical values reported for Japanese rice fields, which range from 5 to 30 mm day −1 23.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Exposure risk assessment and evaluation of the best management practice for controlling pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Part 1: Paddy watershed monitoring

Ishihara

Watanabe

2006

Pest Management Science

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Rice pesticide concentrations in surface water along with hydrological balance and water management conditions were investigated in a paddy watershed of about 100 ha at the Sakura river basin in Tsukuba, Japan, for 3 years from April 2002. Monitoring on different hydrological scales ranging from a paddy plot up to a watershed determined the importance of water management associated with rainfall events and the cyclic irrigation for reducing pesticide discharge into aquatic environments. Surface drainage significantly increased as a response to rainfall events greater than about 1.5 cm day(-1). A total of 16 herbicides were detected in the stream water and their peak concentrations mostly occurred from early to mid-May following the pesticide application period. Two water management factors influencing the pesticide runoff from paddy fields were defined: excess water storage capacity (EWSC) and water holding period (WHP). Uncertainty analyses of pesticide discharge from a paddy plot for dymron (daimuron) and imazosulfuron (IMS) were performed using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with prescribed probability of rainfall and water management practice from observations over a period of 3 years. Application of an intermittent irrigation scheme with shallow water depth practice and high drainage gate to maintain the EWSC > 2 cm and increasing WHP from the current Japanese Agricultural Chemicals Regulation law of 3-4 days to at least 10 days were recommended for reducing the pesticide runoff from paddy fields in a monsoon region such as in Japan. The combination of good water management in field plots and small-scale water cycling is the best management practice for controlling pesticide discharge from paddy watersheds.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 77%

Exposure risk assessment and evaluation of the best management practice for controlling pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Part 1: Paddy watershed monitoring

Ishihara

Watanabe

2006

Pest Management Science

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“…Essa demanda é reflexo da ocorrência de perdas por escoamento superficial, evaporação, fluxo lateral e percolação de água no solo (Stone, 2005). As perdas por percolação podem ser influenciadas por propriedades físicas do solo, largura e estado de consolidação e de conservação das taipas, preparo do solo e por cargas de pressão, decorrentes da altura da lâmina de irrigação (Borrel et al, 1997;Tuong & Bhuiyan, 1999;Walker, 1999;Bouman & Tuong, 2001;Tabbal et al, 2002;Tuong et al, 2005). A percolação é considerada o principal componente das perdas de água em solos arenosos, ocasionando o aumento da lixiviação de nutrientes (Stone, 2005) e, possivelmente, de agrotóxicos, proporcionando a contaminação de águas subterrâneas, as quais muitas vezes podem servir de fonte potá-vel para o consumo humano.…”

Section: A Tecnologia Clearfieldunclassified

Lixiviação de imazethapyr + imazapic em função do manejo de irrigação do arroz

Martini

Avila²,

Souto

et al. 2011

Planta daninha

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Lixiviação de imazethapyr + imazapic em função do manejo ... RESUMO -Os herbicidas utilizados no sistema Clearfield® de arroz irrigado são persistentes e móveis no solo, portanto práticas de manejo podem influenciar na sua dinâmica no ambiente. O objetivo deste trabalho foi determinar o efeito de três manejos de irrigação da cultura do arroz na lixiviação da mistura formulada dos herbicidas imazethapyr e imazapic, em solo de várzea. O experimento consistiu de um ensaio de campo seguido de um bioensaio. As coletas de amostras de solo foram feitas por meio da retirada de monolitos em áreas submetidas aos diferentes manejos de irrigação do experimento de campo. As amostras foram seccionadas em intervalos de 5 cm, até a profundidade de 30 cm. Os tratamentos foram compostos pelos manejos de irrigação por inundação contínua, intermitente e por banhos (fator A) e pelas profundidades do solo de 0 a 30 cm (fator B). Foi efetuada a comparação do crescimento de plantas de arroz não tolerantes aos herbicidas, cultivadas em solo submetido aos manejos de irrigação, com o crescimento das plantas em solo com quantidade conhecida dos herbicidas. A irrigação promoveu movimento vertical do herbicida, porém a diferença entre os manejos de irrigação apenas foi observada na camada superficial do solo (0-5 cm), com menores concentrações na irrigação por banhos. A mistura formulada do herbicida concentrou-se na camada de 5-20 cm de profundidade aos 134 dias após a aplicação.Palavras-chave: bioensaio, estatura de plantas, intoxicação, irrigação intermitente.ABSTRACT -The herbicides used in Clearfield™ rice technology are persistent and mobile in soil, and thus, management practices can affect its dynamics. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of three different rice irrigation managements on leaching of the formulated mixture of the herbicides imazethapyr and imazapic in lowland soil. This study consisted of a field experiment followed by bioassay. The bioassay was conducted in a greenhouse of the Department of Biology of the Universidade Federal de Santa Maria in 2009. Soil samples were collected from a field experiment submitted to different rice irrigation managements. These samples were sliced at 5 cm intervals up to 30 cm in depth. The treatments included three irrigation managements: continuous flooding, intermittent flooding and flush (factor A) and soil depth of 5 cm intervals, from 0 to 30 cm (factor B). The bioassay compared the growth of non-tolerant rice plants grown in soil subjected to the treatments described above, with the plants grown in soil with a known amount of herbicides. Irrigation promotes vertical movement of the herbicide, but the difference between irrigation management is only observed in the topsoil (0-5 cm), with flush being the treatment with the lower amounts of herbicide at this depth. The herbicide is concentrated at 5-20 cm depth, 134 days after the product is applied in lowland soil.

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“…Some portion of the applied water that is not consumed in agricultural fields flows to streams/drainage canals or is percolated downwards. The movement of water horizontally into the bunds and then vertically downwards to groundwater through the undisturbed soil column within the bunds is termed lateral percolation [7]. Bhuiyan et al [8] reported that seepage and percolation (S & P) are site-specific and depend on soil texture, water table depth, proximity to drainage outlet, and farmer's field water management status.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Assessment of the Vertical Movement of Water in a Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

Mo'allim

Kamal

Muhammed

et al. 2018

Water

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A quantitative estimation of the major components of the field water balance provides management decisions on how the scheme ought to be operated to ensure better distribution of irrigation water and increased delivery performance. Therefore, in this study, the water balance component in transplanted and broadcasted rice fields with conventional irrigation (flooding irrigation) in the Tanjung Karang Rice Irrigation Scheme (TAKRIS), Sawah Sempadan were observed and then modeled using Hydrus-1D numerical model during two consecutive rice growing seasons. During the off-season, irrigation water accounted for 59.6% of the total water input (irrigation + rainfall), but about 76.2% of total water input during the main season. During the main season, rainfall water only contributed to 23.8% of total water input and 40.4% during the off-season. Drainage water accounted for 37.3% of the total water input during the off-season and 43.7% during the main season, respectively, which was the main path of water losses from conventional rice fields, which indicates that maintaining a high water level and huge rainfall events during both seasons increased drainage water. Simulated ET during the off-season and the main season accounted for 38.1% and 49.5% of the total water input, respectively. Observed and simulated water percolation revealed about 17.1% to 19.2% of total water input during both seasons, respectively. Additionally, the water productivities analyzed from total water input and irrigation water were 0.43 and 0.72 kg m −3 during the off-season and 0.60 and 0.78 kg m −3 during the main season, respectively. The water productivity index evaluated from observed and modeled evapotranspiration was 1.03 and 1.13 kg m −3 during the off-season and 0.98 and 0.94 kg m −3 during the main season, respectively. The overall results revealed that Hydrus-1D simulations were a reasonable and effective tool for simulating vertical water flow in both broadcasted and transplanted rice experimental fields.

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Causes of high water losses from irrigated rice fields: field measurements and results from analogue and digital models

Cited by 14 publications

References 2 publications

Exposure risk assessment and evaluation of the best management practice for controlling pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Part 1: Paddy watershed monitoring

Exposure risk assessment and evaluation of the best management practice for controlling pesticide runoff from paddy fields. Part 1: Paddy watershed monitoring

Lixiviação de imazethapyr + imazapic em função do manejo de irrigação do arroz

An Assessment of the Vertical Movement of Water in a Flooded Paddy Rice Field Experiment Using Hydrus-1D

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