Causes of poor performance of horses during training, racing, or showing: 348 cases (1992–1996)

Martin, Benson B.; Reef, Virginia B.; Parente, Eric J.; Sage, Abby D.

doi:10.2460/javma.2000.216.554

Cited by 256 publications

(414 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Intermittent dorsal displacement of the soft palate was the most common abnormality and was detected in eight horses; two horses had RLN during exercise (grade B and C); and two horses had ADAF. In two previous studies which evaluated poor performance problems, more than 40% of the horses examined had some type of upper airway obstruction during exercise (Morris and Seeherman 1991;Martin et al 2000). In the present study the percentage of horses with URT obstruction was higher (80%).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

“…Horses with CK activity > 1000 IU/l after exercise or a > 3 fold increase in the resting CK values post-exercise were considered to have subclinical myopathy (Martin et al 2000;MacLeay 2010). …”

Section: Standardised Exercise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Even subtle changes in their health can significantly affect performance. These abnormalities are often challenging to detect because many of the problems that cause poor performance are manifested only at medium or high speed exercise and horses with poor performance may have multiple concurrent problems (Morris and Seeherman 1991;Martin et al 2000). In the study by Morris and Seeherman (1991) describing the results of the evaluation of 275 racehorses with a history of poor racing performance, 84% of the horses were diagnosed as suffering from more than one problem.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Melkova¹,

Jahn²,

Bodeček³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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ABSTRACT:The study reports the results of a comprehensive clinical evaluation of 18 racehorses with a history of inadequate athletic performance. The poor performance evaluation included general physical examination and laboratory screening, respiratory examination including upper airway endoscopy at rest and during maximal treadmill exercise, cardiac examination, post-exercise serum biochemistry and bronchoalveolar lavage cytology. A definitive diagnosis was established in 15 horses (83.3%). The most frequent findings were upper respiratory tract disorders, with dorsal displacement of the soft palate being most often diagnosed (eight horses) followed by axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds (two horses) and recurrent laryngeal neuropathy (two horses). Inflammatory airway disease was diagnosed in two horses and exercise-induced pulmonary haemorrhage in one horse. Subclinical myopathy was detected in two horses. Ten horses (55.6%) had multiple concomitant problems that may have contributed to their inadequate athletic performance; therefore, a comprehensive approach is required to diagnose the cause of decreased athletic capability.Keywords: exercise testing; upper airway obstruction; endoscopy; horse List of abbreviations ADAF = axial deviation of aryepiglottic fold, BAL = bronchoalveolar lavage, CK = creatine kinase, EIPH = exerciseinduced pulmonary haemorrhage, IAD = inflammatory airway disease, PLH = pharyngeal lymphoid hyperplasia, RLN = recurrent laryngeal neuropathy, SET = standardised exercise test

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 44%

Section: Standardised Exercise Testmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Melkova¹,

Jahn²,

Bodeček³

et al. 2016

Vet. Med. - Czech

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“…In horses, cardiac abnormalities are referred to as the third major cause of performance degradation in athletes, after musculoskeletal and respiratory alterations (Martin, Reef & Parente 2000). Cardiac auscultation is an extremely important component of cardiovascular clinical examination (Speirs 1999), because it allows the diagnosis of several cardiac disorders or the detection changes such as arrhythmias, murmurs, pericardial friction rub, splitting of heart sounds and other changes, either pathological or physiological (Mendes Neto 2008).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

Schade

Fonteque

2014

Pesq. Vet. Bras.

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In order to determine auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses, one hundred animals ranging between one and twenty-six years of age (21 stallions, nine geldings, 27 pregnant mares e 43 not pregnant mares) were evaluated. The cardiac auscultation was performed during the clinical examination of the cardiovascular system, evaluating frequency, rate, normal and abnormal heart sounds (heart murmurs). The electrocardiographic examination followed the bipolar base-apex derivative system with animals at rest, by using an ECG-PC TEB equipment. The cardiac frequency, heart rate, morphology, duration, wave and complex amplitudes and interval durations were determined. The results were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey tests with an error probability of 5%. The cardiac auscultation revealed presence of functional systolic and diastolic murmur (10.00%) and systolic murmur compatible with tricuspid regurgitation besides normal heart sounds S 1 (100.0%), S 2 (100.0%), S 3 (19.0%) and S 4 (34.0%). The cardiac frequency obtained the average of 43.64 bpm, observing significative differences in relation to sexual and age factors and training level. The sinus rhythm was the most frequent (57.00%), followed by sinus tachycardia (38.00%) and sinus arrhythmia (5.00%), being observed rhythm disturbances in 16% of tracings. The P and T waves were observed more frequently in their forms P bifida positive (95.00%) and biphasic T (91.00%), being variable at tracing. There were also observed Q waves in 12.00% of the tracings. Thus, it was concluded that the auscultatory characteristics of Crioulo horses are according to the described in the literature for the species and the sexual factor, category, age factor and training level can influence some electrocardiographic parameters. dos 100 animais (21 garanhões, nove machos castrados, 27 fêmeas prenhes e 43 fêmeas vazias) com idades entre um e 26 anos. A auscultação cardíaca foi realizada junto ao exame clínico do sistema cardiovascular, avaliando-se frequência, ritmo e sons cardíacos normais e anormais (sopros). O exame eletrocardiográfico seguiu o sistema de derivação bipolar base-ápice, com os animais em repouso, utilizando-se um aparelho ECG-PC TEB. Foram determinadas a frequência (FC) e ritmo cardíaco, morfologia, duração e amplitude de ondas e complexos e duração de intervalos. Os resultados foram submetidos ao teste ANOVA e teste Tukey com probabilidade de erro de 5%. A auscultação cardíaca evidenciou além dos sons cardí-acos normais S 1 (100,0%), S 2 (100,0%), S 3 (19,0%) e S 4 (34,0%), presença de sopro funcional sistólico e diastólico

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“…Disorders involving the upper respiratory tract, such as dorsal displacement of the soft palate, axial deviation of the aryepiglottic folds and idiopathic laryngeal hemiplegia, have been identified as important causes of poor performance in athletic horses. These diseases limit ventilation through dynamic obstruction of the upper airways (MARTIN et al, 2000;TAN et al, 2005).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Blood gases of horses subjected to jugular vein occlusion during treadmill exercise

Dias¹,

Silva

Albernaz

et al. 2016

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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The purpose of the present investigation was to examine the effects of unilateral and bilateral jugular vein occlusion via temporary surgical ligature on arterial blood gases in horses during treadmill exercise. Six horses performed three exercise tests (ETs). ET1, considered to be the control, was performed in horses without jugular occlusion. ET2 and ET3 were performed in horses with unilateral and bilateral occlusion via temporary surgical ligature of the jugular veins, respectively. The partial pressure of oxygen (PO 2 ) and partial pressure of carbon dioxide (PCO 2 ) were determined. The PO 2 showed decreased values during ET2 and ET3, suggesting that horses presenting acute jugular thrombophlebitis may have airflow limitations when exercising. Key words: Blood gases, equine, swan ganz, thrombophlebitis, upper airways ResumoO objetivo do presente trabalho foi avaliar os efeitos da oclusão da veia jugular por ligadura cirúrgica unilateral e bilateral sobre os gases do sangue arterial em equinos durante o exercício em esteira. Seis equinos realizaram três exercícios teste (ETs). ET1, considerado como controle, foi realizado por equinos sem oclusão jugular. ET2 e ET3 foram cumpridos por equinos apresentando oclusão da veia jugular por ligadura temporária unilateral e bilateral, respectivamente. A pressão parcial de oxigênio (PO 2 ) e a pressão parcial de dióxido de carbono (PCO 2 ) foram determinadas. A (PO 2 ) demonstrou diminuição em ET2 e ET3, sugerindo que equinos com tromboflebite jugular aguda podem apresentar limitação no fluxo de ar inspirado durante o exercício. Palavras-chave: Equino, gases sanguíneos, swan ganz, tromboflebite, vias aéreas superiores

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Causes of poor performance of horses during training, racing, or showing: 348 cases (1992–1996)

Cited by 256 publications

References 13 publications

Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Evaluation of poor performance in racehorses using a high-speed treadmill

Auscultatory and electrocardiographic characteristics of Crioulo horses

Blood gases of horses subjected to jugular vein occlusion during treadmill exercise

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