Caveolin-1 and -2 regulate cell motility in castration-resistant prostate cancer

Abstract

BackgroundCaveolin (Cav)-1 and Cav-2 are cell membrane proteins, which are structural proteins of caveolae and are reported to be positive regulators of cell survival and metastasis in prostate cancer (PC). In a previous study, we reported that elevated levels of Cav-1 and Cav-2 were significantly associated with PC progression. However, their functions in PC have not yet been clarified. In this study, we examined the function of Cav-1 and Cav-2 in PC cell invasiveness and motility.Materials and methodsWe introduced Cav-1- and Cav-2-specific small interfering into PC3 cells to knock-down (KD) both molecules. We also performed cell proliferation assay, wound healing assay, migration assay, and invasion assay using PC3 cells and compared the results between Cav-1-KD, Cav-2-KD, and negative control PC3 cells. In addition, we performed real-time quantitative PCR (RT-qPCR) and RT2 Profiler PCR Array analysis to identify factors influencing migration.ResultsWe observed no significant difference in the proliferative and invasive activities of Cav-1-KD and Cav-2-KD PC3 cells; however, the cell motility was significantly decreased compared with negative control PC3 cells. RT-qPCR revealed that the expression of vimentin and N-cadherin was downregulated in Cav-1-KD PC3 cells. In addition, PCR array revealed a decreased expression of MGAT5, MMP13, and MYCL in Cav-1-KD PC3 and ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC in Cav-2-KD PC3.ConclusionCav-1 and Cav-2 may positively contribute to the upregulation of castration-resistant PC cell migration. Cav-induced regulation of several molecules including vimentin, N-cadherin, MGAT5, MMP13, MYCL, ETV4, FGFR4, and SRC may have an important role in PC3 cell motility. However, further examination will be required.

EPS364, a Novel Deep-Sea Bacterial Exopolysaccharide, Inhibits Liver Cancer Cell Growth and Adhesion

“…The FGF19-FGFR4 signaling pathway has been generally accepted to be an effective and promising therapeutic target in liver cancer treatment [ 52 , 53 ]. Cav-1 and Cav-2 were reported to be regulated by FGFR4 and CDH2 and, also, correlated with tumor progression, invasion and metastasis [ 54 , 55 , 56 ]. The downregulation of Cav-1 and Cav-2 leads to changes in the cell morphology.…”

Unidirectional Regulation of Vimentin Intermediate Filaments to Caveolin-1

“…Previously, the influence of Cav-1 expression on vimentin was reported. For example, the expression of vimentin was decreased in Cav-1 silenced PC3 cells [ 18 ]. Overexpression of Cav-1 led to down-regulation of E-cadherin and up-regulation of vimentin [ 19 ].…”

Down-Regulation of CXXC5 De-Represses MYCL1 to Promote Hepatic Stellate Cell Activation

“…Prior to our investigation, no evidence existed to link MYCL1 to HSC activation and/or liver fibrosis. Mounting evidence suggests that MYCL1 hyperactivation is associated with augmented proliferation in malignant cancer cells ( Diolaiti et al, 2015 ; Suzuki et al, 2016 ; Kamibeppu et al, 2018 ). For instance, MacPherson and colleagues have discovered that lung cancer cells originated from MYCL1-null mice exhibited slower proliferation than those from the wild type mice and are unable to form malignant tumors ( Kim et al, 2016 ).…”