Cavitation and the generation of tension in liquids

Trevena, D H

doi:10.1088/0022-3727/17/11/003

Cited by 106 publications

(112 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…1c), gradually slows down its outward motion due to the resistance of the cavitation region to the fast uniaxial expansion. This resistance is reflected in a persistent negative pressure [57], shown in can be identified at the end of this stage of the void evolution, 800 ps, when the total volume of voids (Fig. 1d), the size of the low-density region affected by the void evolution (Fig.…”

Section: Nanocrystalline Layermentioning

confidence: 92%

Generation of subsurface voids and a nanocrystalline surface layer in femtosecond laser irradiation of a single-crystal Ag target

et al. 2015

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Structural transformations in a shallow surface region of a bulk Ag (001) target irradiated by a femtosecond laser pulse are investigated in large-scale atomistic simulations and experiments.The simulations reveal a complex interplay of fast laser melting, rapid resolidification, and the dynamic relaxation of laser-induced stresses that leads to the formation of a sub-surface porous region covered by a nanocrystalline surface layer. The generation of the porous region is consistent with the experimental observation of surface "swelling" occurring at laser fluences below the spallation/ablation threshold and may be related to the incubation effect in multi-pulse laser ablation of metals. The nanocrystalline layer is produced by massive nucleation of crystallites triggered by a deep undercooling of the melted surface region experiencing fast quenching at a rate on the order of 10 11 K/s. The predicted surface structure features random crystallographic orientation of nanograins and a high density of stacking faults, twins, and nanoscale twinned structural elements with five-fold symmetry, which suggests high hardness and possible enhancement of catalytic activity of the surface.

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Section: Nanocrystalline Layermentioning

confidence: 92%

Generation of subsurface voids and a nanocrystalline surface layer in femtosecond laser irradiation of a single-crystal Ag target

et al. 2015

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“…Skripov, 1974), followed by others teams (e.g. Trevena, 1987). Many techniques have been used at various times, as reviewed by Caupin and Herbert (2006).…”

Section: Superheating Features and Previous Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental superheating of water and aqueous solutions

Shmulovich

Mercury

Thiéry

et al. 2009

Geochimica et Cosmochimica Acta

101

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The metastable superheated solutions are liquids in transitory thermodynamic equilibrium inside the stability domain of their vapor (whatever the temperature is). Some natural contexts should allow the superheating of natural aqueous solutions, like the soil capillarity (low T superheating), certain continental and submarine geysers (high T superheating), or even the water state in very arid environments like the Mars subsurface (low T) or the deep crustal rocks (high T). The present paper reports experimental measurements on the superheating range of aqueous solutions contained in quartz as fluid inclusions (Synthetic Fluid Inclusion Technique, SFIT) and brought to superheating state by isochoric cooling. About 40 samples were synthetized at 0.75 GPa and 530-700 °C with internally-heated autoclaves. Nine hundred and sixty-seven inclusions were studied by micro-thermometry, including measuring the temperatures of homogenization (Th: L + V → L) and vapor bubbles nucleation (Tn: L → L + V). The Th-Tn difference corresponds to the intensity of superheating that the trapped liquid can undergo and can be translated into liquid pressure (existing just before nucleation occurs at Tn) by an equation of state. Pure water (840-935 kg m −3 ), dilute NaOH solutions (0.1 and 0.5 mol kg −1 ), NaCl, CaCl 2 and CsCl solutions (1 and 5 mol kg −1 ) demonstrated a surprising ability to undergo tensile stress. The highest tension ever recorded to the best of our knowledge (−146 MPa, 100 °C) is attained in a 5 m CaCl 2 inclusion trapped in quartz matrix, while CsCl solutions qualitatively show still better superheating efficiency. These observations are discussed with regards to the quality of the inner surface of inclusion surfaces (high P-T synthesis conditions) and to the intrinsic cohesion of liquids (thermodynamic and kinetic spinodal). This study demonstrates that natural solutions can reach high levels of superheating, that are accompanied by strong changes of their physicochemical properties.

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“…nanobubbles | confined fluids | confined water | bubble dynamics | bubble formation L iquids are known to sustain considerable negative pressures (1)(2)(3)(4). However, beyond a certain limit small vapor bubbles are formed, a phenomenon widely known as cavitation.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaporation-induced cavitation in nanofluidic channels

Duan

Karnik

et al. 2012

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

122

108

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Cavitation, known as the formation of vapor bubbles when liquids are under tension, is of great interest both in condensed matter science as well as in diverse applications such as botany, hydraulic engineering, and medicine. Although widely studied in bulk and microscale-confined liquids, cavitation in the nanoscale is generally believed to be energetically unfavorable and has never been experimentally demonstrated. Here we report evaporation-induced cavitation in water-filled hydrophilic nanochannels under enormous negative pressures up to −7 MPa. As opposed to receding menisci observed in microchannel evaporation, the menisci in nanochannels are pinned at the entrance while vapor bubbles form and expand inside. Evaporation in the channels is found to be aided by advective liquid transport, which leads to an evaporation rate that is an order of magnitude higher than that governed by Fickian vapor diffusion in macro-and microscale evaporation. The vapor bubbles also exhibit unusual motion as well as translational stability and symmetry, which occur because of a balance between two competing mass fluxes driven by thermocapillarity and evaporation. Our studies expand our understanding of cavitation and provide new insights for phase-change phenomena at the nanoscale.nanobubbles | confined fluids | confined water | bubble dynamics | bubble formation

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Cavitation and the generation of tension in liquids

Cited by 106 publications

References 53 publications

Generation of subsurface voids and a nanocrystalline surface layer in femtosecond laser irradiation of a single-crystal Ag target

Generation of subsurface voids and a nanocrystalline surface layer in femtosecond laser irradiation of a single-crystal Ag target

Experimental superheating of water and aqueous solutions

Evaporation-induced cavitation in nanofluidic channels

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