Cavitation erosion and hydroabrasion resistance of cold work tool steels produced by powder metallurgy

Influence of a cobalt-based wire injection in austenitic coating deposited via CW-GMAW

“…It is important to note that, for both methods, the fluid temperature contained in the vessel should be maintained at 25°C (± 2°C). Besides, for the indirect method, the distance between the sonotrode and the specimen must be 0.5 mm (± 5%) [20][21][22].…”

CAVITATION EROSION RESISTANCE OF GX40CrNiSi 25 – 20 CAST STAINLESS STEEL

“…As standard material was used cast steel, GX10Cr13 (in wt%: 0.11C, 12.78Cr, 1,054Ni) which is intended for the execution of engineering components required, especially in cavitation environments. The cavitation tests were conducted on a vibrating device with piezoceramic crystals (Figure 1) made in accordance with the requirements of ASTM G32-2010 [5] (vibration frequency = 20000 ± 1% Hz, double vibration amplitude = 50 µm, temperature distilled water = 22 ± 1 o C, generator power = 500 W). The cavitation research was carried out on sets of 3 samples from each steel brand.…”

“…The additions of titanium, niobium and tantalum are preferably combined with carbon and nitrogen to prevent sensitization and eliminate susceptibility to intergranular corrosion. The addition of nitrogen in austenitic stainless steels improves the resistance to pitting and delays the kinetics of sigma phase formation [5,6]. The presence of silicon as an alloying element in stainless steels cast in parts increases the fluidity when casting and thus improves the castability.…”

Hard Cladding by Supersolidus Liquid Phase Sintering: An Experimental and Simulation Study on Martensitic Stainless Steels

“…Owing to the chemical reaction leading to the formation of Cr-rich carbides in X190 steel, as predicted in Figure 2(b), the Cr content of the steel matrix is reduced to a range between 12 and 15 wt pct as determined by EDS without carbon quantification. [19] This is considered responsible for the slightly lower chemical potential of Cr in the X190 when compared to that of the GX20 steel (Table II). Hence, an uphill diffusion of Cr from the GX20 steel substrate towards the sintered X190 steel is favored, as observed in Figure 3(b).…”

“…The X190CrVMo20-4-1 martensitic steel is a heat treatable tool steel widely used for the production of molds, dies and cutting tools for the food-and plastic-processing industries. [18,19] In a previous study, vacuum-sintered X190CrVMo20-4-1 steel produced via supersolidus liquid-phase sintering is characterized by the precipitation of chromium-vanadium-rich M 7 C 3 carbides in a predominantly ferritic matrix. [20] Upon heat treatment, the matrix was transformed to martensite with a small amount of retained austenite.…”