CCD series no. 18: record low energy in closed-circuit desalination of Ocean seawater with nanoH2O elements without ERD

Gal, Zviel; Efraty, A.

doi:10.1080/19443994.2015.1035500

Cited by 21 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The number of pressure vessels is essentially doubled to allow storage of fresh feed during a cycle (for energy recovery as described in Section 2), but with the benefit of not requiring explicit ERDs. Since the simulated energetics in this study are similar to what has already been reported [27,29], semi-batch RO may be a cost-effective yet energy-saving process design in SWRO desalination.…”

Section: Capital Costssupporting

confidence: 79%

“…Although semi-batch RO technically does not need ERDs to recover energy, for SWRO applications an external pressure vessel is typically used as an isobaric work exchanger, similar in working principle to the DWEER and PX Pressure Exchanger devices [27,29]. During the concentration cycle, the vessel is filled with fresh feed using a low-pressure pump.…”

Section: Batch and Semi-batch Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

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Can batch or semi-batch processes save energy in reverse-osmosis desalination?

2017

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Energy savings in reverse osmosis (RO) are highly constrained by the design of conventional processes, for which the minimum practical energy of desalination substantially exceeds the thermodynamic minimum. Batch processes can theoretically approach the thermodynamic minimum, suggesting the possibility for further energy savings. In this study, we aim to quantify what energy reductions may be possible for batch-like processes when process inefficiencies such as frictional losses and concentration polarization are included. We first introduce a practical batch process that utilizes energy recovery devices and an unpressurized feed tank. We also consider a less practical pressurized-tank scenario, as well as semi-batch (closed-circuit) RO. We then derive analytical approximations and conduct numerical modeling to compare the energy requirements of batch, semi-batch, and staged RO processes under realistic conditions. Through this analysis, we find that practical batch-like processes and processes with increased staging offer comparable and significant energy savings. For example, semi-batch RO and twostage RO would save 13% and 15% energy, respectively, over one-stage seawater RO at 50% recovery. We conclude with a discussion of other important factors, such as capital costs and process robustness and flexibility, that will affect the implementation of batch, semi-batch, and staged processes.

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Section: Capital Costssupporting

confidence: 79%

Section: Batch and Semi-batch Reverse Osmosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Can batch or semi-batch processes save energy in reverse-osmosis desalination?

2017

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“…There are desalination technologies that have demonstrated lower energy intensities at lab-scale than the SOA cited here. One of these is semi-batch RO [69,70]. Gal & Efraty reported an energy intensity for semi-batch RO of 1.48 kWh e /m 3 for a 556 m 3 /day capacity unit operating at 42% recovery, 3.6% feedwater salinity, 0.38% product water salinity and a pressure of 4850 KPa [69].…”

Section: Concentrate Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…One of these is semi-batch RO [69,70]. Gal & Efraty reported an energy intensity for semi-batch RO of 1.48 kWh e /m 3 for a 556 m 3 /day capacity unit operating at 42% recovery, 3.6% feedwater salinity, 0.38% product water salinity and a pressure of 4850 KPa [69]. Results from modeling show that fully-batch RO may be able to operate at even lower energy intensities, but this has not been demonstrated at physical-scale to the best of the authors' knowledge [71,72].…”

Section: Concentrate Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy considerations associated with increased adoption of seawater desalination in the United States

et al. 2018

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In order for greater adoption to occur, existing barriers need to be mitigated. One of these barriers is the energy consumption of seawater desalination. This paper reviews the existing energy requirements for membrane and thermal-based seawater desalination systems to produce potable water. Through literature review, it identifies the commercially-available option with the lowest energy intensity and the thermodynamic minimum energy requirement for each unit operation of the system. The paper then estimates the energy requirements to expand seawater desalination capacity to meet the potable water needs of water-stressed regions in the U.S. The results show that supplying 10% of the potable water demand for these regions located within 250 miles of a coastline using the lowest energy-intensity seawater desalination system commercially available would require < 0.1% of 2018 U.S. electricity consumption. This increases to approximately 0.5% if all public water for these same regions is supplied via desalinated seawater. These estimates of the energy implications of broader adoption provide an initial comparison to current U.S. electricity consumption.

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“…For example, the implementation of CCD to treat 35 000 mg L −1 seawater reported a low SEC of 1.9–2.2 kWh m −3 without ERD, but the obtained permeate has relatively high TDS of 379–682 mg L −1 . [ 136 ]…”

Section: Strategies For Energy Reduction In Desalination Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Efficient Seawater Desalination: Strategies and Opportunities

2021

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With the change in climate patterns, rapid industrialization, and population growth, the increasing water and energy demand became a major concern in the past decades. Desalination has been touted as the answer to the global water crisis, due to its capability in producing high‐quality fresh water from saline water. The continual research and innovations in the desalination field have resulted in the commercialization of large‐scale desalination in many water scarce regions. In the energetic context, all desalination processes are energy intensive. With the necessity to make desalination a more affordable and sustainable process, the energy efficiency of desalination is becoming an important topic. Herein, it is aimed to provide insights into the recent efforts and strategies established to tackle the energy‐related issues of both, thermal‐based and membrane‐based desalination processes. Depending on the principle of various commercial and emerging desalination processes, the directions of energy efficiency improvements, which include operating condition optimization, high‐performance material development, and renewable energy exploitation are discussed. The ideas and strategies reviewed herein, whether in their implementation or theoretical stage, are expected to provide insights into the possible improvement for application in commercial desalination plants.

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CCD series no. 18: record low energy in closed-circuit desalination of Ocean seawater with nanoH2O elements without ERD

Cited by 21 publications

References 7 publications

Can batch or semi-batch processes save energy in reverse-osmosis desalination?

Can batch or semi-batch processes save energy in reverse-osmosis desalination?

Energy considerations associated with increased adoption of seawater desalination in the United States

Energy Efficient Seawater Desalination: Strategies and Opportunities

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