CD200:CD200R-Mediated Regulation of Immunity

Abstract

The type 1 membrane glycoprotein CD200, widely expressed on multiple cells/tissues, uses a structurally similar receptor (CD200R1), whose expression is more restricted to cells of the myeloid and lymphoid lineages, to transmit signals affecting responses in multiple physiological systems. Thus CD200 expression is reported to exert effects on cancer growth, autoimmune and allergic disorders, infection, transplantation, bone development and homeostasis, and reproductive biology. It was initially thought, based on the idea that CD200R1 was mostly expressed on cells of myeloid origin, that CD200:CD200R1 interactions were primarily dedicated to controlling myeloid cell function. However additional members of the CD200R family have now also been identified, although their function(s) remain unclear, and CD200R1 itself is now known to be expressed by subsets of T cells and other cells. Together these observations add layers of complexity to our understanding of CD200-related regulation. In common with a number of physiological systems, the mechanism(s) of CD200-induced signaling seem to fit within a similar framework of opposing actions of kinases and phosphatases. This paper highlights the advances in our knowledge of immunoregulation achieved following CD200:CD200R interaction and the potential clinical applicability of that information.

Effects of Omalizumab Treatment on Some Biomarkers in Severe Allergic Asthma Patients

“…In a previous study, OX2 levels were altering owing to the clinical condition of patients that might be on account of playing the role of pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (17, 18). Our observations on the patients seem to be supporting the role of OX2 as a pro-inflammatory molecule such as IL-1β (8,19,20). Thus, the increased levels of OX2 seen in our study with active disease (Group 1A) presumably represent a manifestation of a homeostatic response directed to the control of inflammation.…”

“…Cell membrane--connected OX2 and serum-soluble form of OX2 are novel immune-efficient molecules which have dual effects as a pro-inflammatory through its receptor and an immunomodulatory drug (8). In a previous study, OX2 levels were altering owing to the clinical condition of patients that might be on account of playing the role of pathogenesis of autoimmune/inflammatory diseases (17, 18).…”

“…Already existing studies suggest that OX2 and its receptor OX2R interactions regulate the allergic inflammatory disease that IL-1β has important effects on the inflammation of the respiratory tract, and that increased ECP levels are correlated with asthma exacerbation (8,9). Moreover, 25(OH)D activates an Hcy-metabolizing enzyme.…”

Adipogenic potential of stem cells derived from rabbit subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in vitro

“…CD200, also called OX2, is a member of the immunoglobulin superfamily of proteins, and its expression is related to various immunoregulatory activities such as cancer growth, autoimmune and allergic disorders, infection, etc. (Gorczynski 2012). Possibly, a different manner of adipose differentiation between subcutaneous and visceral ADSC affecting their adipogenic ability in vitro and the developing of inflammatory or autoimmune response could explain the achieved results in the current study, but this hypothesis should be verified in a future study.…”

CXCL8, IL-1β and sCD200 are pro-inflammatory cytokines and their levels increase in the circulation of breast carcinoma patients

“…Studies have reported that the CD200/CD200-receptor interaction has an anti-inflammatory effect (37,38). It increases the anti-inflammatory cytokines IL-10, IL-4, IL-5, TGF-β and regulatory T cells, decreases IL-1, IL-2, IL-6, IL-12, CTL, TNF-α and leukocytes, and increases tumor progression (39)(40)(41).…”