CD25 Is Expressed by Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors but not by Cutaneous Connective Tissue Mast Cells

Meyer, Anne K.; Gruber, Achim D.; Klopfleisch, Robert

doi:10.1177/0300985812439215

Cited by 16 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 41 publications

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“…Not only tumor grade but also clinical staging has been significant in predicting patient survival. 12 External verification of the proposed cytologic grading scheme along with further investigations into how clinical staging, other MCT markers such as CD25, 5,6 interleukin-2 receptor, 5 c-kit mutations, 3 and proliferation markers such as AgNOR and Ki67 14 complement cytologic and histologic grades may add additional prognostic information.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor Grading in Dogs With Evaluation of Clinical Outcome

et al. 2016

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A 2-tiered histologic grading scheme for canine cutaneous mast cell tumors (MCTs) is based on morphologic characteristics of neoplastic cells, including karyomegaly, multinucleation, nuclear pleomorphism, and mitotic figures. Aspirates from MCTs may provide the same information more quickly, inexpensively, and less invasively. This study used these criteria to develop a cytologic grading scheme for canine MCTs to predict outcome. Three anatomic pathologists graded histologic samples from 152 canine MCTs. Three clinical pathologists evaluated aspirates from these masses using similar criteria. A cytologic grading scheme was created based on correlation with histologic grade and evaluated with a kappa statistic. Survival was evaluated with Kaplan-Meier survival curves. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to estimate hazard ratios for tumor grades and individual grading components. Simple logistic regression tested for relationships between risk factors and mortality. The cytologic grading scheme that best correlated with histology (kappa = 0.725 ± 0.085) classified a tumor as high grade if it was poorly granulated or had at least 2 of 4 findings: mitotic figures, binucleated or multinucleated cells, nuclear pleomorphism, or >50% anisokaryosis. The cytologic grading scheme had 88% sensitivity and 94% specificity relative to histologic grading. Dogs with histologic and cytologic high grade MCTs were 39 times and 25 times more likely to die within the 2-year follow-up period, respectively, than dogs with low grade MCTs. High tumor grade was associated with increased probability of additional tumors or tumor regrowth. This study concluded that cytologic grade is a useful predictor for treatment planning and prognostication.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cytologic Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor Grading in Dogs With Evaluation of Clinical Outcome

et al. 2016

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“…The PCR of DNA extracted from formalin‐fixed, paraffin‐embedded skin revealed no c‐kit mutations in exons 8 and 11 . Modest numbers of mast cells displayed labelling for CD25 (mouse monoclonal anti‐CD25 antibody, clone 4C9, Leica Biosystems Inc.; Buffalo Grove, IL, USA) (Figure b) . CD25 staining also was observed in non‐neoplastic mast cells of the control skin tissue (not shown).…”

Section: Histopathological Evaluationmentioning

confidence: 98%

Lokivetmab therapy for pruritus in a dog with cutaneous mastocytosis

Meichner

Kiupel

Kasantikul

et al. 2018

Veterinary Dermatology

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Background Cutaneous mastocytosis (CM) is a rare disease of dogs characterized by rash, pruritus and proliferation of mast cells in the skin. Oral H1 antihistamines are recommended as the treatment to control pruritus. Hypothesis/Objective To describe the effective treatment of pruritus associated with CM with lokivetmab in one dog. Animal A 4‐year‐old, spayed female cross‐bred dog presented with severely pruritic, erythematous to pigmented macules and papules involving the ventral abdomen, interdigital skin, perivulval area and both pinnae; the pruritus had been unresponsive to treatment with antihistamines, prednisone and ciclosporin. Methods and materials Complete blood count and serum biochemistry, abdominal ultrasound, blood smear and skin cytological evaluation, PCR, histopathological and immunohistochemical examination of skin biopsies. Results Skin cytological evaluation revealed high numbers of uniform, heavily granulated mast cells; histopathological findings showed focal dermal proliferations of well‐differentiated, uniform mast cells consistent with a low‐grade mast cell tumour (MCT). Clinical staging revealed that the disease was confined to the skin. Mutations of c‐kit exon 8 and 11 were not detected. Treatment was initiated with anti‐canine‐interleukin (IL)‐31 monoclonal antibody lokivetmab; antihistamines were continued. The dog's pruritus resolved within seven days and was maintained in remission over 15 months with once monthly lokivetmab injections; the skin lesions improved but did not resolve. Conclusion and clinical importance Lokivetmab treatment was effective in resolving and maintaining pruritus remission in this dog with widespread cutaneous mast cell disease. Whether CM in dogs represent a separate entity that should be distinguished from a low‐grade MCT requires further investigation.

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“…It is possible that biopsies may provide meaningful information to clarify the likelihood of metastasis; however, this adds a layer of risk to the dog and is not standard practice. Alternatively, additional work needs to be done to improve detection of neoplastic vs reactive mast cells; IHC (eg, CD25) and/or molecular testing (eg, c-kit mutational status) may have promise if validated in the dog as reliable markers [63][64][65]. Because an association with outcome was detected in our population, it suggests that in dogs with high-risk MCTs, at least a proportion of dogs have metastatic mast cells.…”

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confidence: 99%

Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high‐risk mast cell tumours

Pecceu

Varela

Handel

et al. 2020

Vet Comparative Oncology

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Conflicting evidence exists regarding the importance of routine abdominal ultrasound (US) with hepatic and splenic fine needle aspiration (FNA) cytology during staging of canine mast cell tumours (MCT). The objective of this study was to correlate ultrasonographic and cytologic findings in dogs with strictly defined high-risk MCTs and to determine the influence on outcome. Our hypothesis was that US poorly predicts visceral metastasis in high-risk MCTs and that early metastasis is associated with improved outcome when compared to overt metastasis. US of liver and spleen correlated to cytologic results, categorized as no metastasis, early metastasis or overt metastasis. Of 82 dogs prospectively enrolled, 18% had early visceral metastasis and 7% had overt metastasis on cytology; 67% with visceral metastasis had regional LN metastasis. US was a poor predictor of metastasis with sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value for the spleen of 67%, 68%, 21% and 94%, respectively and for the liver of 29%, 93%, 56% and 82%, respectively. Median time to progression (TTP) for dogs with no metastasis, early metastasis and overt metastasis was not reached, 305 and 69 days, respectively (P < .001). Median survival time (MST) for the 3 groups were not reached, 322 and 81 days, respectively (P < .001). High Patnaik or Kiupel grade, early metastasis, overt metastasis and adequate local control were significantly associated with outcome. Early visceral metastasis was associated with poorer outcome compared to dogs without metastasis, however, a subset of dogs experienced long-term control.

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CD25 Is Expressed by Canine Cutaneous Mast Cell Tumors but not by Cutaneous Connective Tissue Mast Cells

Cited by 16 publications

References 41 publications

Cytologic Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor Grading in Dogs With Evaluation of Clinical Outcome

Cytologic Criteria for Mast Cell Tumor Grading in Dogs With Evaluation of Clinical Outcome

Lokivetmab therapy for pruritus in a dog with cutaneous mastocytosis

Ultrasound is a poor predictor of early or overt liver or spleen metastasis in dogs with high‐risk mast cell tumours

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