CD8 T Cell Vaccines and a Cytomegalovirus-Based Vector Approach

Abstract

The twentieth century witnessed a huge expansion in the number of vaccines used with great success in combating diseases, especially the ones caused by viral and bacterial pathogens. Despite this, several major public health threats, such as HIV, tuberculosis, malaria, and cancer, still pose an enormous humanitarian and economic burden. As vaccines based on the induction of protective, neutralizing antibodies have not managed to effectively combat these diseases, in recent decades, the focus has increasingly shifted towards the cellular immune response. There is substantial evidence demonstrating CD8 T cells as key players in the protection not only against many viral and bacterial pathogens, but also in the fight against neoplastic cells. Here, we present arguments for CD8 T cells to be considered as promising candidates for vaccine targeting. We discuss the heterogeneity of CD8 T cell populations and their contribution in the protection of the host. We also outline several strategies of using a common human pathogen, cytomegalovirus, as a vaccine vector since accumulated data strongly suggest it represents a promising approach to the development of novel vaccines against both pathogens and tumors.

The prognostic value of immune escape-related genes in lung adenocarcinoma

“…In addition, the upregulation of AHSA1 expression is also associated with the development of hepatocellular carcinoma; it has been shown to promote the proliferation and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma in vivo by recruiting ERK1/2 and contributing to the phosphorylation and inactivation of CALD1, which is associated with poor prognosis in those with hepatocellular carcinoma ( 33 ). Previous studies have shown that CD8+ T cells are one of key combatants of tumor cells ( 34 - 36 ). However, when infiltrating cancer tissues, they are generally in a dysfunctional state, which known as T-cell exhaustion.…”

Erweiterung der viralen Vektor-Toolbox: das Potenzial von Schimpansen-CMV

“…Darüber hinaus weist HCMV eine Reihe von Eigenschaften auf, die es als viralen Impfvektor interessant macht [3,4]. Dazu zählen das ausgeprägte CD8-T-zellbasierte Immungedächtnis, welches die lebenslang persistierende HCMV-Infektion hervorruft [5], aber auch das breite Wirtszellspektrum, sowie die Größe und Manipulierbarkeit des Virusgenoms. HCMV besitzt mit ca.…”