Cecropins from Plutella xylostella and Their Interaction with Metarhizium anisopliae

Ouyang, Linyue; Xu, Xi; Freed, Shoaib; Gao, Yanfu; Yu, Jing; Wang, Shuang; Ju, Wenyan; Zhang, Yuqing; Jin, Fengliang

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0142451

Cited by 26 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Similarly, TmSpz4 silencing suppressed the induction of several AMP genes following challenge with E. coli (TmTen-2, TmTen-4, TmAtt-1a, TmDef-2, and TmCec-2) and C. albicans (TmTen-1, TmTen-3, TmTLP-1, TmTLP-2, TmDef-1, TmDef-2, and TmCec-2). These suppressed AMPs have been shown to have antibacterial activity against both gram-negative bacteria and fungi [39][40][41][42]. In particular, glycine-rich AMPs, such as attacins, in Hyalophora cecropia [43] and T. molitor [44], as well as tenecin-2 and -4 in T. molitor [30,45] have been shown to be particularly effective against Gram-negative bacteria.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TmSpz4 Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Response to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans Infections

Edosa

Keshavarz

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Spätzle family proteins activate the Toll pathway and induce antimicrobial peptide (AMP) production against microbial infections. However, the functional importance of Tmspätzle4 (TmSpz4) in the immune response of Tenebrio molitor has not been reported. Therefore, here, we have identified and functionally characterized the role of TmSpz4 against bacterial and fungal infections. We showed that TmSpz4 expression was significantly induced in hemocytes at 6 h post-injection with Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, and Candida albicans. TmSpz4 knock-down significantly reduced larval survival against E. coli and C. albicans. To understand the reason for the survivability difference, the role of TmSpz4 in AMP production was examined in TmSpz4-silenced larvae following microbe injection. The AMPs that are active against Gram-negative bacteria, including TmTenecin-2, TmTenecin-4, TmAttacin-1a, TmDefensin-2, and TmCecropin-2, were significantly downregulated in response to E. coli in TmSpz4-silenced larvae. Similarly, the expression of TmTenecin-1, TmTenecin-3, TmThaumatin-like protein-1 and -2, TmDefensin-1, TmDefensin-2, and TmCecropin-2 were downregulated in response to C. albicans in TmSpz4-silenced larvae. In addition, the transcription factor NF-κB (TmDorX1 and TmDorX2) expression was significantly suppression in TmSpz4-silenced larvae. In conclusion, these results suggest that TmSpz4 plays a key role in regulating immune responses of T. molitor against to E. coli and C. albicans.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

TmSpz4 Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Response to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans Infections

Edosa

Keshavarz

et al. 2020

IJMS

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“…militaris genome, suggesting that the genome size and gene number in C . militaris is similar to those of Metarhizium anisopliae (10,582 genes) [ 26 ] and Metarhizium acridum (9,849 genes) [ 27 ]. In addition, over 5,000 novel AS events of seven AS types were detected in each of the subcultured strains, indicating significantly higher rates of AS than in that observed in the wild-type strain.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals the progress of Cordyceps militaris subculture degeneration

et al. 2017

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BackgroundThe entomopathogenic mushroom Cordyceps militaris is an important medicinal and food resource owing to its various medicinal components and pharmacological effects. However, the high frequency of strain degeneration during subculture seriously restricts the large-scale production of C. militaris, and the mechanism underlying strain degeneration remains unclear. In this study, we artificially cultured C. militaris for six generations and compared changes during fruiting body growth. The transcriptome of six generations of C. militaris strains were sequenced with the Illumine Hiseq4000.ResultsThe subcultured C. militaris strains degenerated beginning at the third generation, with incomplete fruiting body growth beginning at the fourth generation. Over 9,015 unigenes and 731 new genes were identified. In addition, 35,323 alternative splicing (AS) events were detected in all samples, and more AS events occurred in the second, fourth and sixth generations. Compared with the first generation, the third generation (degenerated strain) included 2,498 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) including 1,729 up-regulated and 769 down-regulated genes. This number was higher than the number of DEGs in the second (1,892 DEGs), fourth (2,006 DEGs), fifth (2,273 DEGs) and sixth (2,188 DEGs) generations. Validation of RNA-seq by qRT-PCR showed that the expression patterns of 51 DEGs were in accordance with the transcriptome data.ConclusionOur results suggest that the mechanism of C. militaris strain degeneration is associated with gene involved in toxin biosynthesis, energy metabolism, and DNA methylation and chromosome remodeling.

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“…To date, several studies have demonstrated that AMPs and reactive oxygen species (ROS) are involved in the protection of insects against bacterial and fungal infections (Ouyang et al, ; Thakur et al, ; Xia et al, , ; J. Xu et al, ). For example, cecropins were activated against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria in Drosophila , and in Bombyx mori and Hyalophora cecropia , gloverin exhibited activity against Escherichia coli , whereas in Manduca sexta , gloverin was active against both Gram‐positive and Gram‐negative bacteria, as well as fungi (Axén, Carlsson, Engström, & Bennich, ; X. X. Xu, Zhong, Yi, & Yu, ; Yi et al, ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas cedrina infecting Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

Liu

Lin

Kang

et al. 2019

Arch Insect Biochem Physiol

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The diamondback moth, Plutella xylostella, is one of the most destructive pests worldwide and its management relies exclusively on frequent application of chemical insecticides. Resistance to common insecticides is now widespread, and novel classes of insecticides are needed.Entomopathogenic bacteria and their related products play an important role in the management of this pest.In the present work, one bacterial strain was separated from infected pupae of P. xylostella collected from field and its pathogenicity was evaluated. On the basis of the 16S ribosomal RNA sequencing, BLASTN, and phylogenetic analysis, this bacterial isolate was identified as Pseudomonas cedrina. Oral administration of P. cedrina at levels above 10,000 CFU/ml gave significant mortality to P. xylostella larvae. The pathogenicity was also observed by reduced longevity and fecundity in adult females. However, when live bacterial cells were removed, the cultured broth lost any pathogenicity. In response to the bacterial infection, P. xylostella expressed antimicrobial and stress-associated genes. A mixture treatment of P. cedrina and Bacillus thuringiensis showed an additive effect on larval mortality of P. xylostella. These results indicated that P. cedrina is an opportunistic entomopathogen without secretion of toxins. Furthermore, the additive effect of P. cedrina and B. thuringiensis provide a new insight to develop new strategy for controlling P. xylostella. K E Y W O R D S additive effect, opportunistic pathogen, Plutella xylostella, Pseudomonas cedrina

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Cecropins from Plutella xylostella and Their Interaction with Metarhizium anisopliae

Cited by 26 publications

References 44 publications

TmSpz4 Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Response to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans Infections

TmSpz4 Plays an Important Role in Regulating the Production of Antimicrobial Peptides in Response to Escherichia coli and Candida albicans Infections

Transcriptome-wide analysis reveals the progress of Cordyceps militaris subculture degeneration

Isolation and characterization of Pseudomonas cedrina infecting Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Plutellidae)

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