Cell Contact, Prostaglandin E2 and Transforming growth factor beta 1 play non redundant roles in Human Mesenchymal Stem Cell Induction of CD4⁺CD25^HighFoxp3⁺Regulatory T cells

Transplanted Bone Marrow–Derived Circulating PDGFRα+ Cells Restore Type VII Collagen in Recessive Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa Mouse Skin Graft

“…For example, MSCs locally administered into injured tissue promote neovascularization by releasing proangiogenic cytokines, such as vascular endothelial growth factor-a, insulin-like growth factor-1, PDGF-BB, and angiopoietin-1 (31,32). Recently, transplanted MSCs were shown to suppress immune and inflammatory reactions by releasing antiinflammatory molecules, including IL-10, PG-E, and TNFstimulated gene-6 protein (33)(34)(35)(36). In the current study, the massive inflammatory reaction observed in the skin grafts when PDGFRa + cell migration was blocked suggests that these cells also have anti-inflammatory activity.…”

Prolongation of Composite Tissue Allotransplant Survival by Treatment with Bone Marrow Mesenchymal Stem Cells Is Correlated with T-Cell Regulation in a Swine Hind-Limb Model

“…Studies have indicated that mesenchymal stem cells can regulate T-cell activities. 17,18 Other studies have also reported that donor mesenchymal stem cells do not express co-stimulatory molecules and are potent inhibitors of T-cell proliferation in mixed lymphocyte cultures, preventing graft-versus-host disease resulting from bone marrow transplantation and prolonging skin allograft survival in rodent models. 19 In a previous study, we clearly showed that mesenchymal stem cell therapy in addition to bone marrow transplantation after total body irradiation and short-term cyclosporine A treatment significantly improved composite tissue allotransplantation survival without signs of graft-versus-host disease.…”

The role of microvesicles in tissue repair

“…55 In conclusion, MVs released from MSCs mimic the effect of the cells, suggesting that they could be exploited as a new therapeutic approach for renal regeneration. There is also evidence that MSCs have a low immunogenicity and have immunoregulatory properties, 33 such as in vitro increase in the percentage of Treg at co-culture with T lymphocytes 34 and inhibition of the proliferative response of antigen-specific memory T cells, 35,36 suggesting that MSC infusion might be a novel approach for immunotherapy. Moreover, infusion of autologous or donorderived MSCs in mice induced tolerance to a semi-allogenic heart transplantation by a regulatory T-cell mechanism.…”