Cell contraction caused by microtubule disruption is accompanied by shape changes and an increased elasticity measured by scanning acoustic microscopy

Karl, Ilonka; Bereiter‐Hahn, Jürgen

doi:10.1007/bf02737896

Cited by 23 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…7). The decrease in the adhesion area is in agreement with results reported in previous studies [10,12]. The most likely reason for the decrease in the adhesion area is a disturbance of the mechanical balance in the cell after microtubule disruption.…”

Section: Morphological Study On Fibroblastssupporting

confidence: 92%

“…7,2008 because cytoskeletons are three-dimensionally distributed throughout the cytoplasm. Few studies have examined the 3D shape of single cells [12,16,17], and the contribution of the cytoskeleton to the 3D cell shape is still unclear.…”

Section: Y Ujihara Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies have focused on the role of the cytoskeleton in cellular mechanics [5][6][7][10][11][12], and Ingber [13] proposed a cellular mechanical model, the tensegrity model, which focused on the cytoskeletal system. This model can account for some of the mechanical behavior of living cells [7,14,15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The infl uence of the extracellular matrix [5][6][7][8] and the effects of the degree of polymerization of the cytoskeleton [6,[9][10][11][12] on cell shape have been examined using a variety of methods. Many studies have focused on the role of the cytoskeleton in cellular mechanics [5][6][7][10][11][12], and Ingber [13] proposed a cellular mechanical model, the tensegrity model, which focused on the cytoskeletal system.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Study of Fibroblasts Treated with Cytochalasin D and Colchicine Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

2008

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Abstract:The role of actin filaments and microtubules in 3D cell morphology was investigated using confocal laser scanning microscopy and image analysis based on a regiongrowing method. Fibroblasts were treated with cytochalasin D or colchicine to disrupt the actin filaments or microtubules, respectively, and the structure and distribution of these cytoskeletal filaments were observed using a confocal laser scanning microscope. From the 3D reconstructed fluorescence images of the cytoskeleton, morphological parameters such as volume, adhesion area, height, and volume ratio of individual cells were determined. The volume ratio was defined as the ratio of the partial volume for every 10% of the height to the total cell volume. The cell volume decreased slightly after the disruption of actin filaments and microtubules, but the change was not significant. The cell adhesion area was significantly decreased after the disruption of actin filaments and microtubules, and was significantly smaller in actin filament-disrupted cells than in microtubule-disrupted cells. Cell height increased significantly after actin filament disruption, whereas it remained almost unchanged after microtubule disruption. Analysis of the volume ratio revealed that the cell shape changed from a cone to a hemisphere after disruption of actin filaments and slightly shifted toward a hemisphere-like shape after microtubule disruption. These results suggest that actin filaments are the major component responsible for the maintenance of global cell shape and that the contribution of microtubules to global cell morphology is much less than that of actin filaments.Key words: cell, cell volume, mechanics, imaging. Cells change their shape by alterations of the structure and distribution of the cytoskeleton in response to changes in the local environment. Cytoskeletons are responsible for the mechanical properties of cells and mechanically and functionally interact with one another [1,2]. In adherent cells, actin fi laments are connected to an extracellular matrix via integrins, transmembrane adhesion receptors, at focal adhesions. Forces acting on the extracellular matrix are transmitted to intracellular actin filaments via integrins, and a rearrangement of the cytoskeleton is induced to balance intracellular and external forces [3]. This dynamic rearrangement of cytoskeletons induces changes not only in the shape but also in the function of cells [4]. Cell shape is closely related to the functions and behaviors of cells, including growth, differentiation, motility, and apoptosis. The cytoskeleton mainly consists of actin fi laments, microtubules, and intermediate fi laments, and each type of cytoskeleton has distinct mechanical properties, dynamics, and biological roles. Therefore, it is very important to understand the contribution of each kind of cytoskeleton to the morphology of cells.The infl uence of the extracellular matrix [5][6][7][8] and the effects of the degree of polymerization of the cytoskeleton [6, 9-12] on cell shape have been examined ...

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Section: Morphological Study On Fibroblastssupporting

confidence: 92%

Section: Y Ujihara Et Almentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morphological Study of Fibroblasts Treated with Cytochalasin D and Colchicine Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

2008

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“…These observations are consistent with the concept of the cytoskeleton being a cross-linked network. Karl & Bereiter-Hahn (1998) described and discussed the contraction of cells under stretch. They interpreted their results in terms of the behaviour of a net of cytoskeletal components and, indeed, nets can be described as having both longitudinal and transverse components.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Orthogonal (transverse) arrangements of actin in endothelia and fibroblasts

Curtis

Aitchison

Tsapikouni

2006

J. R. Soc. Interface.

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Though actin filaments running across the cell (transverse actin) have been occasionally reported for epithelial cells in groups and for cells growing on fibres, there has been no report heretofore of transverse actin in cells grown on planar substrata. This paper describes evidence in support of this possibility derived from actin staining, polarization microscopy and force measurements. The paper introduces two new methods for detecting the orientation and activity of contractile elements in cells. The orthogonal actin is most obvious in cells grown on groove ridge structures, but can be detected in cells grown on flat surfaces.

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Tension modulates cell surface motility: A scanning acoustic microscopy study

Karl

Bereiter‐Hahn

1999

Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton

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The subtraction of subsequent scanning acoustic microscope images (SubSAM) of living cells taken in distinct time intervals reveals subcellular motility domains that are dependent on metabolic energy and correspond to cell surface deformations like protrusions, ruffling, and microblebs. This motility can be quantitated by determining the changes of the grey levels vs. time. Tension has been postulated as a global parameter in the control of cell shape and cell surface motility [Albrecht‐Bühler 1987: Cell Motil. Cytoskeleton 7:54–67; Bereiter‐Hahn et al., 1995: Biochem. Cell Biol. 73:337–348; Sheetz and Dai, 1996: Trends Cell Biol. 6:85–89]. For direct evaluation, the activity of the motility domains was measured while applying external tension (stretching) or internal tension (contraction induced by nocodazole) and by relaxation due to desintegration of the actin‐cytoskeleton using low concentrations of cytochalasin D (0.5 μg/ml). Elevated tension, regardless of how it is generated, externally or internally, whether directed or isotropic, lowers cell surface motility. In contrast, the relaxation of the cell cortex by cytochalasin D increases cell surface motility. Thus, a direct relationship between tension at the cell surface and surface motility was established as has been suggested by Sheetz and Dai [1996: Trends Cell Biol. 6:85–89] Cell Motil Cytoskeleton 43:349–359, 1999. © 1999 Wiley‐Liss, Inc.

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Cell contraction caused by microtubule disruption is accompanied by shape changes and an increased elasticity measured by scanning acoustic microscopy

Cited by 23 publications

References 24 publications

Morphological Study of Fibroblasts Treated with Cytochalasin D and Colchicine Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Morphological Study of Fibroblasts Treated with Cytochalasin D and Colchicine Using a Confocal Laser Scanning Microscopy

Orthogonal (transverse) arrangements of actin in endothelia and fibroblasts

Tension modulates cell surface motility: A scanning acoustic microscopy study

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