Cell-cycle-specific inhibition by chloramphenicol of septum fromation and cell division in synchronized cells of Bacillus subtilis

Miyakawa, Yozo; Komano, Teruya; Maruyama, Y

doi:10.1128/jb.141.2.502-507.1980

Cited by 17 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The most characteristic morphological change induced by kendomycin treatment was the formation of irregular septa, suggesting that kendomyci ninhibits the cell septation system and induces the formation of fibrillar wall materials. Similar (but not identical) staphylococcal cell wall structures caused by the treatment of cells with various antibiotics, such as chloramphenicol [ 40 ], oritavancin [ 41 ] and penicillin, have been previously reported [ 42 – 44 ].…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Investigations to the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Kendomycin

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeThe emergence of bacteria that are resistant to many currently used drugs emphasizes the need to discover and develop new antibiotics that are effective against such multi-resistant strains. Kendomycin is a novel polyketide that has a unique quinone methide ansa structure and various biological properties. This compound exhibits strong antibacterial activity against Gram-negative and Gram-positive bacteria, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). Despite the promise of kendomycinin in several therapeutic areas, its mode of action has yet to be identified.MethodsIn this study, we used a multidisciplinary approach to gain insight into the antibacterial mechanism of this compound.ResultsThe antibacterial activity of kendomycin appears to be bacteriostatic rather than bactericidal. Kendomycin inhibited the growth of the MRSA strain COL at a low concentration (MIC of 5 μg/mL). Proteomic analysis and gene transcription profiling of kendomycin-treated cells indicated that this compound affected the regulation of numerous proteins and genes involved in central metabolic pathways, such as the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle (SdhA) and gluconeogenesis (PckA and GapB), cell wall biosynthesis and cell division (FtsA, FtsZ, and MurAA), capsule production (Cap5A and Cap5C), bacterial programmed cell death (LrgA and CidA), the cellular stress response (ClpB, ClpC, ClpP, GroEL, DnaK, and GrpE), and oxidative stress (AhpC and KatA). Electron microscopy revealed that kendomycin strongly affected septum formation during cell division. Most kendomycin-treated cells displayed incomplete septa with abnormal morphology.ConclusionsKendomycin might directly or indirectly affect the cell division machinery, protein stability, and programmed cell death in S. aureus. Additional studies are still needed to obtain deeper insight into the mode of action of kendomycin.

show abstract

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 63%

Investigations to the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Kendomycin

et al. 2016

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…3) by acting externally on the cell membrane or cell wall, or these phenomena may reflect an indirect, internal effect of low external pH. Specific protein synthesis events appear to be necessary for septation in Bacillus subtilis (20) and also for cell division in B. subtilis (20), Escherichia coli (5,33), and Synechococcus AN (19). Hence, exposure to a low pH might alter the intracellular environment and cause the synthesis of defective septationand division-specific proteins, or such exposure might alter the activities of these proteins.…”

Section: C2-(na-morph)amentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid transient growth at low pH in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp

Kallas¹,

Castenholz²

1982

J Bacteriol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The thermophilic cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp. strain Y-7c-s grows at its maximum rate at a high pH (pH 8 and above) and does not show sustained growth below pH 6.5. However, rapidly growing, exponential-phase cells from high-pH cultures continued to grow rapidly for several hours after transfer to pH 6.0 or 5.0. This transient growth represented increases in mass and protein, but cells failed to complete division. Viability loss commenced well before the cessation of growth, and cells at pH 5.0 showed no net DNA synthesis. When irradiated by visible light, cells at pH 6.0 and 5.0 maintained an internal pH of 6.9 to 7.1 (determined by 31P nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy) and an extremely high ATP/(ATP + ADP) ratio even after growth had ceased. Cells exposed to a low pH did not show an increase in the spontaneous mutation rate, as measured by mutation to streptomycin resistance. However, cells already resistant to streptomycin were more resistant to viability loss at a low pH than the parental type. Cultures that could grow transiently at a low pH had higher rates of viability loss than nongrowing cultures in light or darkness. The retention of a high internal pH by cells exposed to a low pH suggested that a low pH acted initially on the cell membrane, possibly on solute transport.

show abstract

“…Division processes in Bacillus subtilis are intimately connected with the other cell cyclespecific events, such as chromosome replication, surface extension, or age-dependent synthesis of some cellular components (for reviews, see references 7,10,22,35). In our previous report, the age dependency of the effects of chloramphenicol on both septum formation and cell division in B. subtilis was shown (27). Applying the concept of the transition point of protein synthesis (24,40,41) (transition point is a point in the cell cycle before which an agent will delay or prevent the forthcoming cell cycle event and after which it will not) to the cell cycle of this bacterium, we demonstrated that there are two chloramphenicol transition points in the cycle; one, CAP TP(Sept), is for septum formation and occurs at age 0.23, and the other, CAP TP (Div), is for cell division and occurs at age 0.64.…”

mentioning

confidence: 98%

Timed action of the gene products required for septum formation in the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis.

Miyakawa¹,

Komano²,

Maruyama³

1982

Journal of Bacteriology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Four isogenic strains of temperature-sensitive septationless mutants, whose mutations are located on different genes, were used to study the periods of action of the gene products required for the initiation of septum formation during the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis. The shift-up experiments, in which portions of a synchronous culture of each mutant were transferred to the nonpermissive temperature, showed that the transition point, at which cells attained the ability to divide at the nonpermissive temperature in the cell cycle, was strain specific. Furthermore, the heat shock experiments, in which portions of a synchronous culture were subjected to the nonpermissive temperature before the transition point for a fixed period and shifted back to the permissive temperature, showed that the time interval between the shift-back and the subsequent cell division was specific to each strain but was independent of the age of heat shock. These results led us to the idea that the initiation of septum formation in B. subtilis requires the timed action of the four gene products, each of which functions at a specific stage in the cell cycle. In addition, the result with DNA elongation mutant MK-526, which is also septation defective, supported our previous findings that the initiation of septum formation requires the termination of DNA replication in the previous cell cycle.

show abstract

Cell-cycle-specific inhibition by chloramphenicol of septum fromation and cell division in synchronized cells of Bacillus subtilis

Cited by 17 publications

References 12 publications

Investigations to the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Kendomycin

Investigations to the Antibacterial Mechanism of Action of Kendomycin

Rapid transient growth at low pH in the cyanobacterium Synechococcus sp

Timed action of the gene products required for septum formation in the cell cycle of Bacillus subtilis.

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About