Cell Damage Index as Computational Indicator for Blood Cell Activation and Damage

Abstract

Shear‐induced hemolysis is a major concern in the design and optimization of blood‐contacting devices. Even with a small amount of mechanical stress, inflammatory reactions can be triggered in the cells. Blood damage is typically estimated using continuum fluid dynamics simulations. In this study, we report a novel cell damage index (CDI) obtained by simulations on the single‐cell level in a lattice Boltzmann fluid flow. The change of the cell surface area gives important information on mechanical stress of individual cells as well as for whole blood. We are using predefined basic channel designs to analyze and compare the newly developed CDI to the conventional blood damage calculations in very weak shear stress scenarios. The CDI can incorporate both volume fraction and channel geometry information into a single quantitative value for the characterization of flow in artificial chambers.

PyOIF: Computational tool for modelling of multi-cell flows in complex geometries

“…We stated how the density of red cells influences the probability of tumor cell capture. Recently, we have analysed blood cell damage in specific geometries and we developed an indicator for it—the cell damage index [ 52 ].…”

“…In non-periodic domains it might be necessary to re-seed the cells that exit the computational domain and place them at another location (possibly rotated) so that they can enter the domain again as in e.g. [ 52 ]. This can be done by the built-in methods for saving the mesh nodes and then using the saved nodes to recreate the cells.…”

Haemolysis induced by mechanical circulatory support devices: unsolved problems

“…Figure 5 illustrates the relationship between the individual influences for the estimation process. 56 The Cell Damage Index introduced by Gusenbauer et al 59 is intended to sum up the partial damage of the erythrocytes and thus predict haemolysis under multiple stress in CFD models of blood pumps. Chan et al 32 have determined the following haemolysis rates (NIH) in experiments of human blood at a stress load of more than 15 minutes (Table 3).…”

Prediction of mechanical hemolysis in medical devices via a Lagrangian strain‐based multiscale model

“…In this approach, the shear stress tensor (velocity gradients) obtained from solving the fluid flow inside the device are linked to the RBCs dynamics, while the RBCs have no influence on the variables obtained by CFD simulations. 9 However, there are few studies in which advanced numerical simulation such as immersed boundary method (IBM) [12][13][14][15][16][17][18] and dissipative particle dynamics (DPD) [19][20][21][22] are used to model the RBC deformation in a two-way coupling manner. Due to considerably higher computational cost of these methods, they can be used only for microscale configurations rather than actual medical devices.…”