Cell differentiation of the fetal rat anterior pituitary in vitro

Nemeskéry, Ágnes; Németh, A; Sétáló, G.; Vígh, S.; Halász, Béla

doi:10.1007/bf00224303

Cited by 53 publications

(23 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…At E9.5-10 in mice the anterior wall of Rathke's pouch is in direct apposition with the floor of the diencephalon (Schwind 1927;Rugh 1968;Kaufman 1992). There has been a debate focused on the possibility that the floor of the dienceph o alon may be "induced" to form the neurohypophysis by the presence of the Rathke's pouch, or vice versa (Nemesk6ry et al 1976;Daikoku et al 1982Daikoku et al , 1983Watanabe 1982a, b). In normal E11-13 mouse embryos (this study) and rat embryos (Lazzaro et al 1991 Our results showed further that despite the lack of normal hypothalamus and pituitary, the T/ebp null homozygous mice developed full term in their mother's womb with only a slight decrease in body weight at birth.…”

Section: In Situ Hybridization Results Showed That the T/ebpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T/ebp null mouse: thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.

Kimura¹,

Hara²,

Pineau³

et al. 1996

Genes Dev.

1,132

864

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The thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/ebp) gene was disrupted by homologous recombination in embryonic stem cells to generate mice lacking T/EBP expression. Heterozygous animals developed normally, whereas mice homozygous for the disrupted gene were born dead and lacked the lung parenchyma. Instead, they had a rudimentary bronchial tree associated with an abnormal epithelium in their pleural cavities. Furthermore, the homozygous mice had no thyroid gland but had a normal parathyroid. In addition, extensive defects were found in the brain of the homozygous mice, especially in the ventral region of the forebrain. The entire pituitary, including the anterior, intermediate, and posterior pituitary, was also missing. In situ hybridization showed that the T/ebp gene is expressed in the normal thyroid, lung bronchial epithelium, and specific areas of the forebrain during early embryogenesis. These results establish that the expression of T/EBP, a transcription factor known to control thyroid-specific gene transcription, is also essential for organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.[Key Words: T/EBP; gene targeting; thyroid; lung; ventral forebrain; pituitary] Received August 22, 1995; revised version accepted November 10, 1995.Thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein (T/EBP) binds to an enhancer element located -5.5 kb upstream of the human thyroid peroxidase gene transcription start site and regulates thyroid-specific gene expression (Kikkawa et al. 1990;Mizuno et al. 1991). T/EBP, also named thyroid-specific transcription factor 1 (TTF-1)or Nkx-2.1, was originally described to govern thyroid-specific expression of the rat thyroglobulin gene (Civitareale et al. 1989). Several studies have established the role of T/EBP in expression of genes encoding thyroid peroxidase (Kikkawa et al. 1990;Mizuno et al. 1991;Abramowicz et al. 1992;Francis-Lang et al. 1992), thyroglobulin (Civitareale et al. 1989), and the thyrotropin (TSH) receptor tCivitareale et al. 1993;Shimura et al. 1994). All three proteins are essential for thyroid hormone biosynthesis (DeGroot and Niepomniszcze 1977). T/EBP is also expressed in the lung (Guazzi et al. 1990;Mizuno et al. 1991), and it has been recently demonstrated that the expression of genes encoding the lung surfactant proteins A and B is regulated by this DNA-binding protein (Bohinski et al. 1994;Bruno et al. 1995). T/ebp ) is the first member of the mouse Nkx-2 gene family that is closely related to Drosophila NK-2 in their homeo domain sequences (68%-95% similarity) (Kim and Nirenberg 1989;Guazzi et al. 1990;Price et al. 1992;Lints et al. 1993). Members of the Nkx-2 family also share a highly conserved 17-aminoacid motif that is located on the carboxyl-terminal side of the homeo domain. From the six members of this family characterized to date, the expression patterns of three genes, T/ebp (Nkx-2.1), Nkx-2.2, and Nkx-2.5, have been studied. Lazzaro et al. (1991) have established T/ebp(Nkx-2.1) gene expression at -10.5 days postcoitum (El0.5) in the ...

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Section: In Situ Hybridization Results Showed That the T/ebpmentioning

confidence: 99%

The T/ebp null mouse: thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.

Kimura¹,

Hara²,

Pineau³

et al. 1996

Genes Dev.

1,132

864

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Moreover, the work of Meusy-Dessolle (1974) Nemeskery et al, 1976 ;Watanabe and Daikoku, 1976 ;Begeot et al, 1979 ;birds : Ferrand et al, 1980). The same results were obtained after early encephalectomy in utero in rat (Chatelain et al, 1976, 19791.…”

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confidence: 99%

Immunocytological study of the chronology of pituitary cytogenesis in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) with special reference to the functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis

Danchin¹,

Dubois²

1982

Reprod. Nutr. Dévelop.

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Summary. This paper reports an immunofluorescent study of the pituitary in the fetal pig (Sus scrota These results when compared with actual data on the differentiation of the reproductive function in the pig fetus permitted us to define an overall pattern of the differentiation and functioning of the fetal neuroendocrine hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal system in the porcine species. This pattern includes, (i) autodifferentiation and autofunctioning of the gonads and (ii) autodifferentiation of the pituitary with (iii) later assumption by the hypothalamus followed by a phase during which the whole reproductive system functions.Introduction.

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“…The available results of in vitro experi ments are variable and unsatisfactory because of the use of uncontrolled serum in the culture medium [5,14,30] or the use of synthetic medium deprived of hormones and growth factors [22]. However, in a previous report we showed that insulin and transferrin added to the culture medium could stimulate the spontaneous differentiation of gonadotrophs in adenohypophysial primordia maintained in organ culture [4], However, we showed that other stimulating factors were also involved since these cells were not able to differentiate Received: April 22, 1983 Accepted after revision: August 19, 1983 in these conditions of culture, when the explantation was performed at a very early stage.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Gonadoliberin on the Differentiation of Rat Gonadotrophs: An in vivo and in vitro Study

Bégeot¹,

Morel²,

Rivest³

et al. 1984

Neuroendocrinology

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The influence of gonadoliberin (GnRH) on the differentiation of rat gonadotrophs in early fetal life was studied both in vivo and in vitro by immunocytology with anti-porcine luteinizing hormone β (pLHβ) serum. Adenohypophysial primordia explanted from 11 to 13 days of gestation were maintained in organ culture in synthetic Parker’s 199 medium enriched with insulin (0.5 µg/ml) and transferrin (5 µg/ml). Cultures lasted to approximate the usual gestation period (21 days). Synthetic GnRH (10^–9 or 10^–12M) was added to the culture medium during the first day of culture only. In contrast to a previous report, immunoreactive cells were detected in the primordia explanted either at 11 or 12 days of gestation only when cultured in the presence of GnRH. The appearance of positive localization was seen by 17 days. No differences due to GnRH dosage were observed in the mean cytoplasmic area of the cells in the different experimental groups as seen at the equivalent of 21 days. GnRH was not effective in a medium deprived of insulin. GnRH, added 6 h before the end of the culture, could also release the secretory product of gonadotrophs which recently developed the presence of immunoreactive pLHβ material. In these conditions, GnRH was shown to enter the cells as observed by immunocytochemistry on sections obtained after cryoultramicrotomy. Endogenous GnRH was also detected by the same technique in fetal pituitary glands removed from 14 to 21 days of gestation. It was always localized in agranular cells and from 18 days in some granular cells considered as gonadotrophs. In the early fetal life transfer of GnRH from the maternal to the fetal side is very unlikely since very small amounts of radioactivity were detected in 11-day-old fetuses after injection of [¹²⁵I]-GnRH into pregnant rats. These results suggest that GnRH can stimulate the differentiation of gonadotrophs in early fetal life in synergy with insulin. This is supported by the intracellular presence of GnRH which is most likely of fetal origin, the possibility of the existence of a placental GnRH-like substance being not completely excluded.

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Cell differentiation of the fetal rat anterior pituitary in vitro

Cited by 53 publications

References 11 publications

The T/ebp null mouse: thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.

The T/ebp null mouse: thyroid-specific enhancer-binding protein is essential for the organogenesis of the thyroid, lung, ventral forebrain, and pituitary.

Immunocytological study of the chronology of pituitary cytogenesis in the domestic pig (Sus scrofa) with special reference to the functioning of the hypothalamo-pituitary-gonadal axis

Influence of Gonadoliberin on the Differentiation of Rat Gonadotrophs: An in vivo and in vitro Study

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