Cell Form and Function: Interpreting and Controlling the Shape of Adherent Cells

Prasad, Ashok; Alizadeh, Elaheh

doi:10.1016/j.tibtech.2018.09.007

Cited by 91 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…Finally, many functions in the cell are dictated by changes in cellular morphology . Herein we also found that the cytotoxicity function and CTL‐to‐target cell interaction, as representative of initial steps in IS formation, were compromised in Arp3‐KD CTLs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Partial loss of actin nucleator actin‐related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes

Obeidy

Oehlers

et al. 2019

Immunol Cell Biol

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T lymphocytes utilize amoeboid migration to navigate effectively within complex microenvironments. The precise rearrangement of the actin cytoskeleton required for cellular forward propulsion is mediated by actin regulators, including the actin-related protein 2/3 (Arp2/3) complex, a macromolecular machine that nucleates branched actin filaments at the leading edge. The consequences of modulating Arp2/3 activity on the biophysical properties of the actomyosin cortex and downstream T cell function are incompletely understood. We report that even a moderate decrease of Arp3 levels in T cells profoundly affects actin cortex integrity. Reduction in total F-actin content leads to reduced cortical tension and disrupted lamellipodia formation. Instead, in Arp3-knockdown cells, the motility mode is dominated by blebbing migration characterized by transient, balloon-like protrusions at the leading edge. Although this migration mode seems to be compatible with interstitial migration in three-dimensional environments, diminished locomotion kinetics and impaired cytotoxicity interfere with optimal T cell function. These findings define the importance of finely tuned, Arp2/3-dependent mechanophysical membrane integrity in cytotoxic effector T lymphocyte activities.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 52%

Partial loss of actin nucleator actin‐related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes

Obeidy

Oehlers

et al. 2019

Immunol Cell Biol

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“…On the one hand, the most of gene expression studies used osteogenic- and chondrogenic-related markers such as cartilage formation genes (12 papers): ACAN (aggrecan), COL1, COL2, COL10 (collagen type I, II, X), or SOX-9. On the other hand, 37 papers conclude that there no morphological differences after bioprinting in comparison to a 2D culture and 19 papers clarify that the increasing of the stiffness, due to the increasing of the viscosity and concentration of the material or modifications of crosslinking parameters, tend cells to adopt a round shape losing its functionality (Prasad and Alizadeh, 2019 ). In this sense, two kinds of tests are commonly performed to determine the live/dead proportion of cells (viability tests) and its metabolic activity (metabolic tests).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrogels for Bioprinting: A Systematic Review of Hydrogels Synthesis, Bioprinting Parameters, and Bioprinted Structures Behavior

Sánchez¹,

Gómez-Blanco²,

Nieto

et al. 2020

Front. Bioeng. Biotechnol.

124

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Nowadays, bioprinting is rapidly evolving and hydrogels are a key component for its success. In this sense, synthesis of hydrogels, as well as bioprinting process, and cross-linking of bioinks represent different challenges for the scientific community. A set of unified criteria and a common framework are missing, so multidisciplinary research teams might not efficiently share the advances and limitations of bioprinting. Although multiple combinations of materials and proportions have been used for several applications, it is still unclear the relationship between good printability of hydrogels and better medical/clinical behavior of bioprinted structures. For this reason, a PRISMA methodology was conducted in this review. Thus, 1,774 papers were retrieved from PUBMED, WOS, and SCOPUS databases. After selection, 118 papers were analyzed to extract information about materials, hydrogel synthesis, bioprinting process, and tests performed on bioprinted structures. The aim of this systematic review is to analyze materials used and their influence on the bioprinting parameters that ultimately generate tridimensional structures. Furthermore, a comparison of mechanical and cellular behavior of those bioprinted structures is presented. Finally, some conclusions and recommendations are exposed to improve reproducibility and facilitate a fair comparison of results.

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“…Nanostructures as well can influence cell attachment, whereby structures smaller than 70 nm or with a mean distance of more than 70 nm (which is the case in the presented structures) have a negative effect on the integrin grouping and thus, on the formation of focal adhesions [65]. A large cell area and fibroblastic morphology with numerous extensions on rigid surfaces is particularly characteristic of good cell adhesion [66,67] and goes hand in hand with well-developed focal adhesions, most of which are longer and more strongly coupled to the actin cytoskeleton in order to ensure optimal force transmission [28,49,50]. The combination of a nanotopography, which leads to the formation of small focal adhesions, and a microtopography, which causes a disturbance of the actin cytoskeleton, can thus explain the observed, particularly negative effects on adhesion and the processes dependent on it, such as proliferation and migration.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 83%

Cell Type-Specific Adhesion and Migration on Laser-Structured Opaque Surfaces

Schaeske

Fadeeva

Schlie-Wolter

et al. 2020

IJMS

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Cytocompatibility is essential for implant approval. However, initial in vitro screenings mainly include the quantity of adherent immortalized cells and cytotoxicity. Other vital parameters, such as cell migration and an in-depth understanding of the interaction between native tissue cells and implant surfaces, are rarely considered. We investigated different laser-fabricated spike structures using primary and immortalized cell lines of fibroblasts and osteoblasts and included quantification of the cell area, aspect ratio, and focal adhesions. Furthermore, we examined the three-dimensional cell interactions with spike topographies and developed a tailored migration assay for long-term monitoring on opaque materials. While fibroblasts and osteoblasts on small spikes retained their normal morphology, cells on medium and large spikes sank into the structures, affecting the composition of the cytoskeleton and thereby changing cell shape. Up to 14 days, migration appeared stronger on small spikes, probably as a consequence of adequate focal adhesion formation and an intact cytoskeleton, whereas human primary cells revealed differences in comparison to immortalized cell lines. The use of primary cells, analysis of the cell–implant structure interaction as well as cell migration might strengthen the evaluation of cytocompatibility and thereby improve the validity regarding the putative in vivo performance of implant material.

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Cell Form and Function: Interpreting and Controlling the Shape of Adherent Cells

Cited by 91 publications

References 96 publications

Partial loss of actin nucleator actin‐related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes

Partial loss of actin nucleator actin‐related protein 2/3 activity triggers blebbing in primary T lymphocytes

Hydrogels for Bioprinting: A Systematic Review of Hydrogels Synthesis, Bioprinting Parameters, and Bioprinted Structures Behavior

Cell Type-Specific Adhesion and Migration on Laser-Structured Opaque Surfaces

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