Cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA: An emerging biomarker for airborne particulate matter associated with cardiovascular diseases

Rehman, Afreen; Kumari, Roshani; Kamthan, Arunika; Tiwari, Rajnarayan R; Srivastava, Rupesh Kumar; Westhuizen, Francois H. van der; Mishra, Pradyumna Kumar

doi:10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.12.083

Cited by 23 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Substantial evidence confirms that CVD development is related to both innate and adaptive immunity, in which dysregulation of immunity is a major trigger in pathogenesis and for the induction of an acute inflammatory response to tissue injury and infection [ 36 ]. Unfortunately, host damage leading to ectopic DNA and invasion by exogenous DNA can cause dysregulation of immune homeostasis, triggering an inflammatory response that can lead to CVDs, making detecting and promptly eliminating the effects of DNA particularly important [ 37 ]. Three-prime repair exonuclease 1 (TREX1) is a DNA enzyme that degrades single- and double-stranded DNA.…”

Section: Overview Of Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical perspectives

An,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Cell Biosci

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The cyclic guanosine monophosphate (GMP)-adenosine monophosphate (AMP) synthase-stimulator of interferon genes (cGAS-STING) signaling pathway, an important component of the innate immune system, is involved in the development of several diseases. Ectopic DNA-induced inflammatory responses are involved in several pathological processes. Repeated damage to tissues and metabolic organelles releases a large number of damage-associated molecular patterns (mitochondrial DNA, nuclear DNA, and exogenous DNA). The DNA fragments released into the cytoplasm are sensed by the sensor cGAS to initiate immune responses through the bridging protein STING. Many recent studies have revealed a regulatory role of the cGAS-STING signaling pathway in cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) such as myocardial infarction, heart failure, atherosclerosis, and aortic dissection/aneurysm. Furthermore, increasing evidence suggests that inhibiting the cGAS-STING signaling pathway can significantly inhibit myocardial hypertrophy and inflammatory cell infiltration. Therefore, this review is intended to identify risk factors for activating the cGAS-STING pathway to reduce risks and to simultaneously further elucidate the biological function of this pathway in the cardiovascular field, as well as its potential as a therapeutic target.

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Section: Overview Of Cvdsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical perspectives

An,

Li,

Chen

et al. 2024

Cell Biosci

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“…A vivid alteration in mtDNA methylation leads to systemic inflammation, an etiological determinant for several comorbidities, including vascular endothelial dysfunction and myocardial injury. (Rehman et al, 2023)…”

Section: Figure 2 Association Of Pm and Heart Failure In Lung Pathologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases

Bishweshwar Prasad Bhatt

2024

World J. Adv. Res. Rev.

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This comprehensive literature review explores the intricate relationship between air pollution and cardiovascular diseases, emphasizing the global significance of this environmental concern. The study delves into key air pollutants, including Particulate Matter (PM), Nitrogen Dioxide (NO2), Ozone (O3), and Sulfur Dioxide (SO2), revealing their associations with cardiovascular morbidity and mortality. The detrimental effects involve systemic inflammation, oxidative stress, endothelial dysfunction, and atherosclerosis. The review meticulously analyzes epidemiological studies, such as the UK Biobank study, linking long-term exposure to ambient air pollution, specifically PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and NOx, with increased risks of all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. Specific populations, characterized as susceptible or vulnerable, are identified, including adults over 60 and individuals with pre-existing health conditions. Studies examining genetic variations, blood pressure changes, and meteorological variables contribute to understanding individual susceptibility. The review highlights the role of air pollution in influencing sleep patterns, physical activity, and temperature-related cardiovascular strain. Furthermore, it emphasizes the importance of recognizing air pollution as a modifiable risk factor, providing evidence of its association with cardiovascular risk factors and Dyslipidemia. The impact of air pollution on diverse cardiovascular outcomes, including heart failure, stroke, and ischemic heart disease, is discussed. The review underscores the urgent need for public health interventions and policy recommendations to mitigate air pollution's adverse effects. Recognizing air pollution as a significant risk factor for cardiovascular diseases, the study advocates for proactive measures to reduce pollution, promoting cardiovascular health and creating a cleaner environment for future generations.

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“…Multiple articles have reported a significant association between increased circulatory DNA (from microbial and host) and cardiovascular disease in humans ( 120 , 121 ). Mechanically, cfDNA activates cGAS-STING response leading diverse cellular pathophysiological changes (autophagy, translation, metabolism homeostasis, senescence and cell death), subsequently induces pathological changes in the organ or tissues (heart failure, myocardial hypertrophy, inflammatory response) ( Table 1 ).…”

Section: Cgas-sting Signaling In Cvdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trafficking and effect of released DNA on cGAS-STING signaling pathway and cardiovascular disease

Zhou,

Ou-yang,

Chen

et al. 2023

Front. Immunol.

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Evidence from clinical research and animal studies indicates that inflammation is an important factor in the occurrence and development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Emerging evidence shows that nucleic acids serve as crucial pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) or non-infectious damage-associated molecular patterns (DAMPs), are released and then recognized by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), which activates immunological signaling pathways for host defense. Mechanistically, the released nucleic acids activate cyclic GMP-AMP synthase (cGAS) and its downstream receptor stimulator of interferon genes (STING) to promote type I interferons (IFNs) production, which play an important regulatory function during the initiation of an innate immune response to various diseases, including CVD. This pathway represents an essential defense regulatory mechanism in an organism’s innate immune system. In this review, we outline the overall profile of cGAS-STING signaling, summarize the latest findings on nucleic acid release and trafficking, and discuss their potential role in CVD. This review also sheds light on potential directions for future investigations on CVD.

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Cell-free circulating mitochondrial DNA: An emerging biomarker for airborne particulate matter associated with cardiovascular diseases

Cited by 23 publications

References 234 publications

The cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical perspectives

The cGAS-STING pathway in cardiovascular diseases: from basic research to clinical perspectives

Air pollution and cardiovascular diseases

Trafficking and effect of released DNA on cGAS-STING signaling pathway and cardiovascular disease

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