Cell growth on the porous sponges prepared from poly(depsipeptide-co-lactide) having various functional groups

Abstract

In tissue engineering, excellent biodegradable materials are desired as temporary scaffolds to support cell growth and disappear with the progress of tissue regeneration. We previously synthesized biodegradable poly(depsipeptide-co-lactide), poly[(Glc-Asp)-co-LA] and poly[(Glc-Lys)-co-LA], having reactive side-chain groups. Then, the effects of reactive and ionic side-chain groups on cell attachment and growth were investigated using co-polymer films with various amounts of carboxyl or amino groups. In this study, to evaluate the utility of these co-polymers as functional scaffolds for tissue regeneration, 3-dimensional porous sponges were prepared by freeze-drying method and the effects of reactive and ionic side-chain groups on cell growth and degradation behavior were investigated using co-polymer sponges with various amounts of carboxyl or amino groups. Good cell growth was observed on the co-polymer sponges. During cell culture, the co-polymer sponges exhibited various degradation rates related to the depsipeptide unit content. Three-dimensional biodegradable polymer matrices with reactive surface, controllable degradation behavior and good cell growth were successfully prepared using these co-polymers. Such kinds of co-polymer matrices are good candidate for scaffold for tissue engineering.

Surface Chemistry Influences Implant Biocompatibility

“…Surface functional groups can influence cell growth [93][94], likely due to the fact that surface chemical functionality affects adsorbed protein and subsequent protein:cell interactions. Surface functional groups can influence cell growth [93][94], likely due to the fact that surface chemical functionality affects adsorbed protein and subsequent protein:cell interactions.…”

“…Studies on protein adsorption have shown that fibronectin and albumin are more easily eluted from surfaces coated with -COOH [93]. A more recent study showed that this phenomenon is dependent upon the concentration of -COOH on the surface, as an increase in functional group density results in a higher negative charge on the surface, which was shown to inhibit cell growth [94]. Surfaces with -COOH also have shown an increase in cell growth.…”

Epithelial machines of morphogenesis and their potential application in organ assembly and tissue engineering

“…Designing the optimal scaffold has been major focus of this strategy resulting in advanced applications of synthetic foams based on PLLA (Poly(L-lactic acid)) and PLGA (Poly(l-lactide-co-glycolide)) (Wright et al 2010; Kavlock et al 2012), PMMA (Polymethylmethacrylate) (Xing et al 2012), PEG (Poly(ethylene glycol)) (Chiu et al 2011) and PTFE (polytetrafluoroethylene) (Bax et al 2011) and optimization of these polymers for cell viability and proliferation. Fabrication techniques such as freeze drying (Ohya et al 2004), solvent evaporation (Devin et al 1996) and electrospinning (Zeng et al 2005) among others are routinely used to produce scaffolds with the necessary porosity and mechanical strength to allow degradation, cell attachment, and the binding of survival and growth factors. Cells attach, penetrate and populate the artificial polymer foam to produce a tissue-like construct.…”

The influence of poly(ester amide) on the structural and functional features of 3D additive manufactured poly(ε-caprolactone) scaffolds

“…The potential of PEAs for electrospinning has been further demonstrated with the development of synthetic elastomeric scaffolds with tunable mechanical and physical properties [22]. Despite all the advantages in using PEAs for biomedical applications, especially for soft tissue engineering, the processing methods employed to create artificial 3D PEA-based ECMs are still limited to electrospinning, freeze-drying, solvent casting and microfabrication [23][24][25].…”