Cell Guidance on Nanostructured Metal Based Surfaces

Abstract

Metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior is an attractive strategy to improve parts of medical implants, lab-on-a-chip, soft robotics, self-assembled microdevices, and bionic devices. Here, we discus important parameters, relevant trends, and specific examples of metal surface nanostructuring to guide cell behavior on metal-based hybrid surfaces. Surface nanostructuring allows precise control of cell morphology, adhesion, internal organization, and function. Pre-organized metal nanostructuring and dynamic stimuli-responsive surfaces are used to study various cell behaviors. For cells dynamics control, the oscillating stimuli-responsive layer-by-layer (LbL) polyelectrolyte assemblies are discussed to control drug delivery, coating thickness, and stiffness. LbL films can be switched "on demand" to change their thickness, stiffness, and permeability in the dynamic real-time processes. Potential applications of metal-based hybrids in biotechnology and selected examples are discussed.

Controlling Protein Adsorption through Nanostructured Polymeric Surfaces

“…[52] The latter development of micro-and nanofabrication techniques led to an increase in experimental setups using micro-and nanopatterns for in vitro studies. [53][54][55] The cellular response to the surface nanotopography and its correlation to the surface-bound proteins have been highlighted by Lim et al who showed that cell adhesion was unaffected by surface nanotopography if performed in the absence of serum. [56] This was a very important finding which allowed speculations that implant surfaces should be designed not for cells but more prominently for proteins as primary targets.…”

The Role of Titanium Surface Nanostructuring on Preosteoblast Morphology, Adhesion, and Migration

“…Besides their chemical properties, others have already proposed that the material surface topography is fundamental for this process. [8] Recently, we have shown the prospects of nanostructured titania surfaces for the development of lab-on-a-chip, light-triggered systems to guide proteins on the cell surface by dynamic oscillation of soft matter organized on titania to regulate inorganic-organic-polymeric interfaces. [9][10][11] Several studies using surface structuring approaches demonstrate that cells respond to nanotopography.…”

“…Titanium is a common material used in dental and orthopaedic implants due to its inertness and high mechanical strength. [8] It is easy to integrate as an element of light-sensitive systems due to photoactivity of the titania layer. [19] A variety of surface modification strategies can be employed to titaniumbased implants to enhance osseointegration.…”

“…Major disadvantages of mechanical and physical methods include that they are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to apply for large-scale implant production. [24] By contrast, chemical treatments are attractive for largescale manufacturing [8] because they provide uniform access of the reactive substance to all surfaces, which can be applied to multifaceted devices with complex geometries such as dental screws and cardiovascular stents. However, the majority of chemical methods modify not only topography, but also other surface features such as chemical composition, [25] wettability, [26] crystallinity, [27] and adsorption ability.…”

“…[20][21][22][23] Straightforward surface treatments of titanium and its alloys can be divided into three main groups: mechanical, chemical, and physical methods. [8,20] These methods are used either individually or in combination, and cause the formation of different nanotopographies. Major disadvantages of mechanical and physical methods include that they are expensive, time consuming, and difficult to apply for large-scale implant production.…”