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Society is aging fast. The percentage of people aged above 65 years is forecast to rise from 12.4% (in 2000) to 23% by 2100. [1] The figures for 2030 for Europe and the United States are %20% and 30% respectively. [2] At present, almost 23% of US citizens over 65 are completely edentulous, creating great demand for dental replacements. [3] According to the compound annual growth rate (CAGR) forecast, the global dental market is expected to exceed $8 billion by the end of 2024, up from $4.46 billion in 2016. [1] Moreover, with rising life expectancy, modern implants have to serve much longer without requiring revision surgery. This is challenging, especially in the case of elderly people, who tend to suffer diseases that increase the risk of implant rejection. [2] Thus, advanced healthcare requires constant development in the design and fabrication of dental materials. Currently, commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) is a leading metallic material in the global dental replacements market. [4] This is mainly due to its biocompatibility and high resistance to corrosion in body fluids. Those properties are governed by the presence of a passive layer on Ti surface, created by its strong tendency to oxidize. [5] Nanostructuring by large plastic deformation techniques is a promising approach to altering Ti properties that are essential for dental applications. [1,[6][7][8][9][10] While clinical trials have confirmed the successful application of dental implants fabricated from nanocrystalline Ti, [4,9] works are still ongoing to develop strategies aimed at enhancing biological response and antibacterial properties without impacting mechanical properties. [11][12][13][14] In this Review, we describe recent approaches taken to modify the properties of nanocrystalline Ti for biomedical applications. Our study focuses on the following aspects: (i) improving biomedical nano Ti properties through bulk and surface modifications, and (ii) the effect of microstructural changes induced by processing of nano Ti on the results of modifications. This analysis is prefaced by a brief description of the effect of nanostructure on Ti mechanical and functional properties.