Cell Membrane Coated Nanoparticles: next-generation Therapeutics

Abstract

Cell membrane coated nanoparticles (NPs) is a biomimetic strategy developed to engineer therapeutic devices consisting of a NP core coated with membrane derived from natural cells such as erythrocytes, white blood cells, cancer cells, stem cells, platelets or bacterial cells. These biomimetic NPs have gained a lot of attention recently owing to their cell surface mimetic features and tailored nanomaterial characteristics. They have shown strong potential in diagnostic and therapeutic applications including those in drug delivery, immune modulation, vaccination and detoxification. Herein we review the various types of cell membrane coated NPs reported in the literature and the unique strengths of these biomimetic NPs with an emphasis on how these bioinspired camouflage strategies have led to improved therapeutic efficacy. We also highlight the recent progress made by each platform in advancing healthcare and precis the major challenges associated with these NPs.

Immunogenicity of Polyethylene Glycol Based Nanomedicines: Mechanisms, Clinical Implications and Systematic Approach

“…In particular, the coating of nanoparticles, using the erythrocyte membranes can: i) increase the long‐circulation of nanoparticles; ii) provide their camouflage, thus avoiding the Reticuloendothelial system (RES) uptake; iii) decrease systemic clearance; iv) hamper the serum protein adsorption; v) prevent the activation of the immune system; and vi) decrease significantly the immune response. [ 139 ] Similarly, Wibroe et al. demonstrated that nanoparticles coating with erythrocytes decreased the side effects after systemic administration.…”

Biomimetic Nanoparticles Camouflaged in Cancer Cell Membranes and Their Applications in Cancer Theranostics

“…The use of cancer cell plasma membranes has attracted attention because these membranes carry tumor-specific receptors and antigens that play a role in cancer cell proliferation, invasion, and metastasis. While several comprehensive reviews have summarized the applications of cell membrane camouflaged NPs (34)(35)(36)(37)(38)(39)(40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46) from various cell sources, to the best of our knowledge only one of these reviews is focused on advances with CCMCNPs (37).…”

Cell Membrane-Camouflaged Nanocarriers for Cancer Diagnostic and Therapeutic

“…Particles 1-1,000 nm in size are defined as nanoparticles and offer good drug delivery characteristics. Nanoparticles 10-100 nm in size are proven to offer the highest delivery efficacy (Narain et al, 2017). Various types of nanomaterials such as polymers, liposomes, and metals have been developed for the delivery of therapeutic agents for cancer treatment.…”