Cell polarity and oncogenesis: common mutations contribute to altered cellular polarity and promote malignancy

Grifone, Thomas J.

doi:10.1007/s13237-020-00313-4

Cited by 3 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 205 publications

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“…In contrast to conventional Abs, NBs have a stronger tissue penetration ability and, therefore, can play a significant role in reaching dense tissues. Their half-life in the blood is substantially shorter due to renal clearance as their molecular mass is significantly lower than the renal threshold for glomerular filtration (40)(41)(42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47)(48)(49)(50). This can be advantageous in circumstances when therapeutic buildup leads to toxicity [26], but it could also represent a problem [4], since depending on the clinical application, it might hardly achieve an optimal target load in vivo.…”

Section: Differences Between Nbs and Absmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reviving a Classic Antigen with a Cutting-Edge Approach: Nanobodies for HER2+ Breast Cancer

Castrignano,

Di Scipio,

Franco

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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The serendipitous discovery of nanobodies (NBs) around two decades ago opened the door to new possibilities for innovative strategies, particularly in cancer treatment. These antigen-binding fragments are derived from heavy-chain-only antibodies naturally found in the serum of camelids and sharks. NBs are an appealing agent for the progress of innovative therapeutic strategies because they combine the advantageous assets of smaller molecules and conventional monoclonal antibodies (mAbs). Moreover, the possibility to produce NBs using bacterial systems reduces manufacturing expenses and speeds up the production process, making them a feasible option for the development of new bio-drugs. Several NBs have been developed over the past 10 years and are currently being tested in clinical trials for various human targets. Here, we provide an overview of the notable structural and biochemical characteristics of NBs, particularly in their application against HER2, an extracellular receptor that often gets aberrantly activated during breast cancer tumorigenesis. The focus is on the recent advancements in diagnostic and therapeutic research up to the present date.

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Section: Differences Between Nbs and Absmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These pathways are both involved in cell differentiation and survival, as well as cell migration. Moreover, HER2+ tumors are prevalently poorly differentiated, as HER2 activation also interferes with cell polarity and adhesion, resulting in an asymmetric overgrowth of more undifferentiated cells [ 40 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reviving a Classic Antigen with a Cutting-Edge Approach: Nanobodies for HER2+ Breast Cancer

Castrignano,

Di Scipio,

Franco

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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“…Biological responses of the activated signalling pathways are precisely dependent on the ligands involved and dimers formed; thus, dysregulation of HER receptors can result in aberrant signalling, leading to fundamental biological processes to be altered [ 34 , 35 , 36 ]. Moreover, cell polarity and adhesion are specifically disrupted by HER2 activation, which can cause aberrant asymmetric cell division and subsequent overgrowth of less differentiated cells [ 37 , 38 ]. This process occurs through the binding of the Par6 and atypical protein kinase C (Par6-aPKC) components of the Par complex upon HER2 activation [ 37 ].…”

Section: Her2 Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, cell polarity and adhesion are specifically disrupted by HER2 activation, which can cause aberrant asymmetric cell division and subsequent overgrowth of less differentiated cells [ 37 , 38 ]. This process occurs through the binding of the Par6 and atypical protein kinase C (Par6-aPKC) components of the Par complex upon HER2 activation [ 37 ]. Thus, HER2(+) tumours are poorly differentiated [ 36 , 39 ].…”

Section: Her2 Breast Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach

Mandarano

Shigdar

2021

IJMS

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Breast cancer is one of the most commonly occurring cancers in women globally and is the primary cause of cancer mortality in females. BC is highly heterogeneous with various phenotypic expressions. The overexpression of HER2 is responsible for 15–30% of all invasive BC and is strongly associated with malignant behaviours, poor prognosis and decline in overall survival. Molecular imaging offers advantages over conventional imaging modalities, as it provides more sensitive and specific detection of tumours, as these techniques measure the biological and physiological processes at the cellular level to visualise the disease. Early detection and diagnosis of BC is crucial to improving clinical outcomes and prognosis. While HER2-specific antibodies and nanobodies may improve the sensitivity and specificity of molecular imaging, the radioisotope conjugation process may interfere with and may compromise their binding functionalities. Aptamers are single-stranded oligonucleotides capable of targeting biomarkers with remarkable binding specificity and affinity. Aptamers can be functionalised with radioisotopes without compromising target specificity. The attachment of different radioisotopes can determine the aptamer’s functionality in the treatment of HER2(+) BC. Several HER2 aptamers and investigations of them have been described and evaluated in this paper. We also provide recommendations for future studies with HER2 aptamers to target HER2(+) BC.

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microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development

Vahidi,

Agah,

Mirzajani

et al. 2024

Hormone Molecular Biology and Clinical Investigation

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Cancer is one of the most serious leading causes of death in the world. Many eclectic factors are involved in cancer progression including genetic and epigenetic alongside environmental ones. In this account, the performance and fluctuations of microRNAs are significant in cancer diagnosis and treatment, particularly as diagnostic biomarkers in oncology. So, microRNAs manage and control the gene expression after transcription by mRNA degradation, or also they can inhibit their translation. Conspicuously, these molecular structures take part in controlling the cellular, physiological and pathological functions, which many of them can accomplish as tumor inhibitors or oncogenes. Relatively, Oxidative stress is defined as the inequality between the creation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and the body’s ability to detoxify the reactive mediators or repair the resulting injury. ROS and microRNAs have been recognized as main cancer promoters and possible treatment targets. Importantly, genotoxicity has been established as the primary reason for many diseases as well as several malignancies. The procedures have no obvious link with mutagenicity and influence the organization, accuracy of the information, or fragmentation of DNA. Conclusively, mutations in these patterns can lead to carcinogenesis. In this review article, we report the impressive and practical roles of microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity in the pathobiology of cancer development in conjunction with their importance as reliable cancer biomarkers and their association with circulating miRNA, exosomes and exosomal miRNAs, RNA remodeling, DNA methylation, and other molecular elements in oncology.

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Cell polarity and oncogenesis: common mutations contribute to altered cellular polarity and promote malignancy

Cited by 3 publications

References 205 publications

Reviving a Classic Antigen with a Cutting-Edge Approach: Nanobodies for HER2+ Breast Cancer

Reviving a Classic Antigen with a Cutting-Edge Approach: Nanobodies for HER2+ Breast Cancer

Diagnostics and Therapeutics in Targeting HER2 Breast Cancer: A Novel Approach

microRNAs, oxidative stress, and genotoxicity as the main inducers in the pathobiology of cancer development

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