Cell-surface Molecules That Characterize Different Stages in the Development of Cerebellar Interneurons

Stallcup, WB; Beasley, Lora; Levine, Joel M.

doi:10.1101/sqb.1983.048.01.078

Cited by 71 publications

(63 citation statements)

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“…Colocalisation experiments with Kir4.1 and antibodies against GFAP (Fig. 3d-f) and the monoclonal antibodies OX-42 (Robinson et al, 1986; a marker for microglia) and NG-2 (a marker for O-2A progenitor cells) (Stallcup et al, 1983;Nishiyama et al, 1999) showed no overlap with Kir4.1 (data not shown for the latter two markers). Colocalisation with antibodies against CNPase (the mature oligodendrocyte marker) was equivocal because the high density of expression of this protein made it difficult to distinguish individual cell bodies (as illustrated in white matter tracts in amongst the deep cerebellar nuclei) (Fig.…”

Section: Kir41 Protein Expression and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Glial heterogeneity in expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir4.1, in adult rat CNS

Poopalasundaram

Knott

Shamotienko

et al. 2000

Glia

168

133

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Section: Kir41 Protein Expression and Distributionmentioning

confidence: 80%

Glial heterogeneity in expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir4.1, in adult rat CNS

Poopalasundaram

Knott

Shamotienko

et al. 2000

Glia

168

133

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“…Rabbit anti-rat NG2 antibody recognized a 400 -800 kDa proteoglycan in detergent extracts of B49 rat glioma cells, which was converted into a 300 kDa core protein in the presence of chondroitinase ABC (Fig. 7, lanes 1, 2, and 9), as previously reported (Stallcup et al, 1983;Nishiyama et al, 1995). The sizes of the NG2 core proteins were examined on immunoblots of samples resolved on 6% polyacrylamide gels.…”

Section: Detection Of Ng2 Core Protein In Lesions By Immunoblottingmentioning

confidence: 97%

Transient expression of the NG2 proteoglycan by a subpopulation of activated macrophages in an excitotoxic hippocampal lesion

Akhtar²,

Nishiyama

2001

Glia

128

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Cells that express the NG2 proteoglycan (NG2+ cells) constitute a large glial population in the normal mature rodent brain. They can differentiate into oligodendrocytes but are distinct from mature oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, microglia, and neurons. Changes in NG2+ cells were examined in kainic acid-induced excitotoxic lesions of the hippocampus, and the relationship between NG2+ cells and reactive astrocytes and microglia was investigated between 1 and 90 days after lesioning. Two types of reactive NG2+ cells with altered morphology and increased NG2 immunoreactivity were observed in the lesion. Early changes, consisting of an increase in NG2 immunoreactivity and the number of processes, were apparent 24 h after lesioning and persisted through 3 months. These cells were distinct from reactive astrocytes or activated microglia/macrophages. A second type of reactive NG2+ cells appeared 2 weeks after injection, following an influx of macrophages. They had large, round cell bodies with short processes and expressed the microglia/macrophage antigens OX42 and ED1. Single cells coexpressing NG2 and macrophage/microglial antigens could be isolated from the lesion. The number of NG2+/OX42+ cells gradually declined and disappeared by 3 months after injection. They did not express glial fibrillary acidic protein or the alpha receptor for platelet-derived growth factor, indicating that they are distinct from astrocytes or oligodendrocyte progenitor cells. Cells that coexpressed NG2 and OX42 were never observed in hippocampal slice cultures treated with kainic acid, suggesting that NG2+/OX42+ cells are not derived from endogenous resident brain cells. These findings demonstrate that NG2 expression is transiently upregulated on activated macrophages/microglia that appear during the chronic stage in an excitotoxic lesion in the adult CNS.

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“…The question as to whether the numerous NG2 ϩ cells in the mature CNS are capable of differentiating into OLs or whether some NG2 ϩ cells have lost the oligodendrogenic potential and have become terminally differentiated to carry out other functions remains unanswered (Stallcup et al, 1983;Levine et al, 1993;Nishiyama et al, 1996Nishiyama et al, , 1997Nishiyama et al, , 1999Nishiyama et al, , 2002Dawson et al, 2000). Recently, Mallon et al (2002) have demonstrated that in transgenic mice expressing enhanced green fluorescent protein (EGFP) under the control of the PLP promoter, EGFP is detected in a subpopulation of NG2 ϩ cells.…”

Section: Nkx22 Expression Correlates With Ol Differentiationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transient upregulation of Nkx2.2 expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during remyelination

Watanabe

Hadžić

Nishiyama

2004

Glia

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While numerous oligodendrocyte progenitor cells (OPCs) exist in the adult central nervous system (CNS), the molecular signals that promote or inhibit their differentiation into mature oligodendrocytes (OLs) are not known. To investigate whether remyelination in the adult CNS is regulated by the same mechanisms that promote developmental myelination, we used an acute demyelinating/remyelinating lesion in the adult rat spinal cord to examine the expression of the homeodomain transcription factor Nkx2.2, which has previously been implicated in oligodendrocyte differentiation during embryonic development. After a demyelinating insult, Nkx2.2 expression was upregulated first in NG2-expressing OPCs surrounding the lesion and subsequently in both precursors and OLs that appeared inside the lesion prior to the onset of remyelination. The temporal and spatial pattern of Nkx2.2 upregulation coincided with that of oligodendrocyte differentiation characterized in our previous study. A similar increase in the level of Nkx2.2 expression was observed in the postnatal developing optic nerve in a wave from the proximal to the distal retinal end. In vitro Nkx2.2 was expressed in OPCs and immature OLs isolated from postnatal rat spinal cord but was absent from mature OLs. These observations indicate that the process of generating new OLs in a remyelinating lesion recapitulates the developmental program involving activation of the Nkx2.2 gene, which may trigger the existing NG2-expressing precursors in the adult CNS to undergo terminal differentiation into remyelinating OLs.

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Cell-surface Molecules That Characterize Different Stages in the Development of Cerebellar Interneurons

Cited by 71 publications

References 0 publications

Glial heterogeneity in expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir4.1, in adult rat CNS

Glial heterogeneity in expression of the inwardly rectifying K+ channel, Kir4.1, in adult rat CNS

Transient expression of the NG2 proteoglycan by a subpopulation of activated macrophages in an excitotoxic hippocampal lesion

Transient upregulation of Nkx2.2 expression in oligodendrocyte lineage cells during remyelination

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