Cell-to-cell communication between osteogenic and endothelial lineages: implications for tissue engineering

Enhanced Osteogenesis in Cocultures with Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells and Endothelial Cells on Polymeric Microfiber Scaffolds

“…4 One strategy for improving the survival and osteogenesis of tissue-engineered bone grafts involves the addition of endothelial cells (ECs) to cultures containing mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). 5,6 MSCs are promising candidates for tissue engineering applications 7,8 because they have a capacity to differentiate along bone, cartilage, and adipose lineages. [9][10][11][12] Additionally, MSCs reside in the bone marrow perivascular niche, 13,14 which would facilitate paracrine communication between MSCs and ECs.…”

“…[20][21][22][23][24] Thus, cocultures of MSCs and ECs are currently being investigated for their ability to enhance bone formation and have shown that trophic regulation from ECs can provide necessary components for MSC osteogenic differentiation. 5,6 The addition of ECs to MSC or osteoblast cultures has been shown to enhance both proangiogenic and pro-osteogenic gene expression, stimulate the alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, and increase mineralization. [15][16][17][20][21][22][23][25][26][27] While numerous studies have evaluated such cocultures in two dimensions, data obtained from three-dimensional (3D) conditions are still very limited, as studies emphasizing the osteogenic outcome have primarily been performed in monolayer 19,21,23,24 or pellet cultures, 20,22,26 but not on porous scaffolds.…”

Les cellules souches en ingénierie des tissus ostéoarticulaires et vasculaires

“…Le processus de vascularisation peut être également stimulé par l'introduction de progéniteurs endothéliaux associés aux CSM dans les matrices 3D [27]. De nombreux travaux décrivent l'intérêt des cocultures de progéniteurs du lignage endothélial et mésenchymateux pour favoriser un dialogue ostéoendothélial et stimuler in vivo à la fois l'ostéogenèse et l'angiogenèse des tissus néoformés [28]. Dans ce contexte, les interactions cellulaires jouent un rôle fondamental dans la différenciation des cellules souches, celles-ci formant le plus souvent des agrégats cellulaires en 3D [29].…”

In vitro models for the evaluation of angiogenic potential in bone engineering

“…Relationships between endothelial cells and osteoblasts ECs and osteoblasts (OBs) communicate through three mechanisms [28] :…”

“…With direct contact all the mechanisms of cell-to-cell interaction are evaluated (direct interaction through tight junctions, gap junction communications and secretion of paracrine factors) [28] ; -Co-cultures with indirect contact evaluate only communications through paracrine soluble factors. The two cell types may be put in indirect contact through a porous membrane with a such pore size which lets the conditioned medium pass but not cells [101] .…”