Cell viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine expression in human osteoblasts following incubation with generated wear particles using different bone cements

Abstract

In total hip arthroplasty, wear particles generated at articulating surfaces and interfaces between bone, cement and implants have a negative impact on osteoblasts, leading to osteolysis and implant loosening. The aim of this experimental study was to determine the effects of particulate wear debris generated at the interface between straight stainless steel hip stems (Exeter(®)) and three different bone cements (Palacos(®) R, Simplex™ P and Cemex(®) Genta) on cell viability, collagen synthesis and cytokine expression in human osteoblasts. Primary osteoblasts were treated with various concentrations of wear particles. The synthesis of procollagen type I and different cytokines was analysed, and markers for apoptosis and necrosis were also detected. The cytokine synthesis rates in the osteoblasts were initially increased and varied, depending on incubation time and particle concentration. Specific differences in the synthesis rates of interleukin (IL)‑6, IL-8, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 (MCP-1) were observed with the different bone cements examined. The negative effect of the particles on the synthesis of procollagen type I and increased rates of cell apoptosis and necrosis were observed with all three cements analysed. Our present data suggest that wear particles from the interface between the total hip stem and bone cement have a significant effect on viability, cytokine expression and collagen synthesis in human osteoblasts, depending on the bone cement used.

Trojan-Like Internalization of Anatase Titanium Dioxide Nanoparticles by Human Osteoblast Cells

“…Recent studies report that titanium dioxide nanoparticles are cytotoxic in different cell models, such as fibroblasts, macrophages, keratinocytes, and bronchiolar epithelial cell 30 . Until now, only a few studies have analyzed the effect of titanium dioxide nanoparticles and their possible cytotoxicity on human bone cells, using mostly murine cells or human osteosarcoma cell models 3 11 14 31 32 33 . Given the worldwide concerns about nanotoxicity, the potential cytotoxicity of anatase nanoparticles in bone cells and the influence of nano-bio interface on cellular internalization were studied in detail in the present work.…”

“…Nanoform debris can enter into the circulatory system, accumulating in lungs, liver, spleen and bone marrow, and contributes to the development of nanoparticle-associated diseases in the respiratory or cardiovascular systems, which can lead even to carcinomas 3 5 . There is growing evidence that titanium dioxide nanoparticles directly affect bone cells viability, proliferation, differentiation and mineralization 6 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 . Recent reports indicate that titanium dioxide particles activate the innate immune system leading to periprosthetic bone resorption (osteolysis) with subsequent implant failure and the need of an additional surgery for the patient 4 7 .…”

Contribution of human osteoblasts and macrophages to bone matrix degradation and proinflammatory cytokine release after exposure to abrasive endoprosthetic wear particles

“…Nevertheless, the generation of prosthetic wear particles resulting in osteolytic processes has not yet been overcome. The specific biological reactions are dependent on particle type, shape, size and quantity, as well as the patient's individual genetic variations ( 17 , 24 ). Aside from the monocyte/macrophage cell lineage, a number of other cell types, such as fibroblasts, lymphocytes, osteoprogenitor cells, and osteoblasts, have been found in the periprosthetic tissue of patients, constituting a chronic inflammatory signal ( 25 ).…”

“…Wear debris also affects osteoblasts, which are negatively influenced by decreasing the synthetic capacity of collagen type 1, the major component of bone extracellular matrix ( 4 , 15 – 17 ). Additionally, the apoptosis rate of osteoblasts is clearly increased ( 4 , 17 ).…”

The Impact of Metal Ion Exposure on the Cellular Behavior of Human Osteoblasts and PBMCs: In Vitro Analyses of Osteolytic Processes

“…The presence of wear particles in the periprosthetic tissue is caused by abrasion, corrosion, or a synergistic combination of both [ 1 ]. By analysing the effects of abrasive wear particles which were artificially generated in the interface between bone cement and hip stems, an upregulation of osteolytic processes in human osteoblasts and macrophages was observed in vitro [ 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ].…”