Cell wall‐degrading enzymes produced in vitro by isolates of Phaeosphaeria nodorum differing in aggressiveness

Abstract

The relationships between in vitro production of cell wall-degrading enzymes and aggressiveness of three Phaeosphaeria nodorum isolates were investigated. When grown in liquid medium containing 1% cell wall from wheat leaves as the carbon source, the isolates secreted xylanase, a-arabinosidase, b-xylosidase, polygalacturonase, b-galactosidase, cellulase, b-1,3-glucanase, b-glucosidase, acetyl esterase and butyrate esterase. Time-course experiments showed different levels of enzyme production and different kinetics between isolates. A highly aggressive isolate produced more xylanase, cellulase, polygalacturonase and butyrate esterase than did the two weakly aggressive isolates. Xylanase was the most active polymer-degrading enzyme produced, suggesting a key role during pathogenesis by P. nodorum.

The coiled-coil protein-binding motif in Fusarium verticillioides Fsr1 is essential for maize stalk rot virulence

“…It is generally acknowledged that many plant-pathogenic fungi can produce a variety of CWDEs that are involved in plant pathogenesis (Lalaoui et al, 2000;Lehtinen, 1993). These enzymes are particularly important for so-called 'rot' pathogens when attacking their hosts by breaking down host tissue (Lehtinen, 1993).…”

Hydrolysis of fungal and plant cell walls by enzymatic complexes from cultures of Fusarium isolates with different aggressiveness to rye (Secale cereale)

“…For hydrolysis of PCW as well as FCW to be efficient and complete, synergistic action of several enzymes is required (Alfonso et al 1995a;Collins et al 2005;Lalaoui et al 2000;Perez-Leblic et al 1982;Reyes et al 1977).…”

“…Fungal glycosidases such as b-galactosidases, xylosidases, and arabinosidases release sugar moieties that can be used by a Communicated by Erko Stackebrandt. fungus as a nutritional source during its growth through plant tissues (Akimitsu et al 2004). It has been demonstrated that cereal pathogens produce more xylanase activity than other cell wall-degrading enzymes that use cereal cell walls as a C source (Apel et al 1993;Degefu et al 2001;Giesbert et al 1998;Lalaoui et al 2000;Phalip et al 2009;Wanjiru et al 2002;Wu et al 1995Wu et al , 2006. In graminaceous crops and grasses, arabino-xylan accounts for up to 40% of the walls (Beliën et al 2006;Carpita 1996;Hatsch et al 2006;Labavitch and Ray 1978).…”

Microbial community study of the iron ore concentrate of the Sishen Iron Ore Mine, South Africa

“…Another human pathogen, Candida parapsilosis, has emerged as an important cause of human candidiasis, often responsible for pathological lesions of the nails (Gautret et al 2000;Krcmery and Barnes 2002;Kiffer-Moreira et al 2007). In addition, the heterothallic ascomycete, Phaeosphaeria nodorum, is a common necrotrophic plant pathogen causing leaf blotch and glume blotch diseases on wheat (Triticum aestivum) (Lalaoui et al 2000;Stukenbrock et al 2006). Neither A. fumigatus nor C. parapsilosis or P. nodorum have been reported to have industrial biotechnology application potential.…”